152 



ORDER XLIV. ROSACES ROSE-FAMILY. 



3. P. dom^stica. 



Plum. 



Leaves oval or ovate-lanceolate, acute ; flowers white, generally solitary, 

 pedicellate ; drupe ranging from nearly or quite round, to ovoid and obovoid. 

 A shrub or small tree 10 15 feet high, with unarmed branches. It has been 

 long cultivated for its delicious fruit, which varies in color as well as form, be- 

 ing sometimes black, sometimes white, and of all intermediate colors, and is 

 ripe from August to October. Flowers in May. 



8. ARMENtACA 



Calyx 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals 5. Drupe succulent, pubes- 

 cent. Nucleus or stone compressed, smooth, with furrowed mar- 

 gins, one obtuse and the other acute. 



1. A. vulgaris. Apricot. 



Leaves broad ovate, acuminate, sub-cordate at base, smooth, denticulate; 

 petioles with several glands at base ; stipules palmate; flowers rather large, 

 white, sessile, nearly solitary, preceding the leaves; drupe large, sub-compress- 

 ed, nearly round. A small tree 10 15 feet high, often cultivated in gardens. 

 The fruit is delicious, of a purplish-yellow color, ripe in July and August Ap. 



4. P^RSICA. 



Calyx tubular, deciduous, 5-cleft Petals 5. Drupe fleshy, 

 pubescent or smooth. Nucleus or stone sub-compressed, ovate, 

 acute, rugosely furrowed on the surface. 



P. vulgaris. Peach. 



Leaves lanceolate, serrate, with acute serratures ; flowers rose-color, solitary, 

 sub-sessile, preceding the leaves; drupe tomentose. A small tree, 10 20 feet 

 high, universally cultivated for its fruit, which is 1' 3' in diameter, white or 

 yellow mingled with red, with yellow or white flesh. Kipe in July October. 

 Flowers in May. 



Var. kevis ; drupe smooth. Nectarine. 



5. SPIRAEA 



Calyx 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5, roundish, equal. Stamens 

 10 50. Carpels 3 12, distinct, follicular, 1-celled, 2-valved, 

 1 10-seeded. Styles terminal. 



1. S. tomentosa. 



HardhacJc. 



Stem shrubby, brittle, woolly-tomentose and rust-colored ; leaves ovate, or 

 oblong, on short petioles, numerous, ferruginous-tomentose beneath, unequally 

 serrate ; racemes short, dense, numerous, aggregated into a dense, virgate pani- 

 cle ; flowers pale purple, very small, numerous ; stamens exsert A common 

 shrub, 2 3 feet high, in pastures and low grounds. July. 



2. S. salicif61ia. Meadow-sweet. 



Nearly smooth; leaves oblong-obovate, or lanceolate, sharply, and some- 

 times doubly serrate, on very short petioles; flowers white, often tinged with 

 red, arranged In dense, terminal panicles ; carpels 5, smooth. A common and 

 beautiful shrub, in meadows and low grounds, 2 4 feet high, with variable 

 leaves, and brittle, purplish stems. July Aug. 



3. S. hypericifolia. St. Peter's Wreath. 



Nearly glabrous ; leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, attenuate at base to a peti- 

 ole, entire, or somewhat toothed, stipulate; flowers white, in pedunculate 

 corymbs, or sessile umbels. A cultivated shrub, 38 feet high. May. 



4. S. opulifolia. 



Nine-bark. 



Nearly glabrous ; leaves roundish, 3-lobed, doubly serrate, petiolate ; flowers 

 white, in pedunculate corymbs resembling umbels ; pedicels filiform ; carpels 

 3 5, longer than the calyx when in fruit, purple. A very elegant shrub, occa- 

 sionally met with along the banks of streams, becoming quite common in culti- 

 vation. June. 



5. S. ulmaria. 



Double Meadow-sweet. 



Herbaceous; leaves interruptedly pinnate, 8 7 foliate; lateral leaflets 

 ovate-lanceolate ; terminal ones much larger, palmately 5 7-lobed ; all doubly 

 serrate, and tomentose beneath ; stipule reniform, serrate ; flowers white, in a 

 corymbose, long-pedunculate panicle. Common in cultivation, where the flow- 

 ers are mostly double. July. Per. 



6. GILLfiNIA. 



Calyx tubular-campanulate, with the orifice somewhat con- 

 tracted, 5-cleft. Petals 5, linear-lanceolate, very long and une- 

 qual. Stamens 10 15. Carpels 5. Styles filiform, terminal. 

 Follicles 3, 2-valved, 2-i-4-seeded. Per. 



1. GT. trifoliata. 



Indian Physic. 



Stem shrubby at base, slender, and nearly smooth, branching ; leaves 3-foll 

 ate, subsessile; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminate; stipules linear, setaceous, en- 

 tire ; flowers rose-color, or nearly white, axillary and terminal, on long pedicels, 

 in pedunculate, corymbose panicles ; root emetic and cathartic. A handsome 

 plant, 23 feet high, in woods. Western N. York. June July. 



7. AGRIM6NIA. 



Calyx-tube turbinate, armed with hooked bristles above, con- 

 tracted at the throat, with a 5-cleft limb. Petals 5. Stamens 

 12 15. Ovaries 2. Styles terminal. Achenia included in the 

 indurated rim of the calyx. Per. 



1. A. eupatoria. 



Agrimony. 



Stem erect, hirsute, branching; leaves interruptedly pinnate, 5 7-foliate, 

 upper ones 3-foliate ; leaflets ovate, oval, or oblong-lanceolate, coarsely toothed ; 

 stipules large, coarsely dentate ; flowers yellow, in virgate spikes, on very short 

 pedicels; petals twice as long as the calyx. A common, hairy plant, 2 4 feet 

 high. Borders of woods and fields. July. 



8. GUM. 



Calyx deeply 5-cleft, with 5 alternate, smaller, and exterior 

 segments, or bracteoles. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Achenia 

 numerous, aggregated on the conical, or cylindrical, dry recep- 

 tacle, caudate with terminal, persistent, bearded styles. Per. 



1. Gr. rivale. 



Water-Avens. 



Stem erect, nearly or quite simple, pubescent ; radical leaves interrupted 

 and lyrately pinnate ; cauline ones 3-foliate, or 8-lobed ; stipules ovate, acute ; 

 flowers few, purple, nodding; calyx greenish -purple; petals purplish-yellow, 

 broad, obovate, emarginate, abruptly unguiculate. A handsome plant, common 

 in bogs and wet meadows, with rather large, nodding flowers. June. 



2. Gr. strictum. 



Yellow Avens. 



Stem erect, hispid at base, hirsute above, dichotomous at summit ; radical 

 leaves interruptedly pinnate, the leaflets incisely lobed and serrate ; cauline 

 ones 35 foliate, leaflets rhombic-ovate, or oblong, lobed and incised ; flowers 

 numerous, rather large, yellow; petals larger than the calyx; style, except the 

 hairy upper joint, smooth ; receptacle densely pubescent A stout species, 2 3 

 feet high, in fields, especially in N. N. Eng. and N. York. July Aug. 



3. Gr. Virginianum. White Avens. 



Stem erect, pubescent, more or less branched ; radical leaves pinnate, or 

 ternate, or rarely simple, cauline ones 3 5-foliate, or lobed, dentate or serrate, 

 somewhat pubescent, or smooth; flowers small, white, erect; petals wetlge- 

 obovate, equalling the calyx ; style smooth ; receptacle densely hirsute. A 

 common species, 1 2 feet high, in thickets, and along fences. Leaves very 

 variable; upper ones often simple, and nearly entire. July. 



9. POTENTfLLA 



Calyx 4 5-cleft, with 4 5 alternate, exterior segments, or 

 bracteoles. Petals 4 5, dentate, deciduous. Stamens numerous, 

 with very slender filaments. Ovaries numerous, collected into a 

 head, on a persistent, dry receptacle. Styles deciduous. Ache- 

 nia numerous. Per. 



1. P. Norvegica. Norwegian Cinguefoil. 



Hirsute ; stem erect dichotomous above ; leaves palmately 8-foliate, entire, 

 on very short petioles ; leaflets numerous, obovate, becoming lanceolate above, 

 coarsely serrate, petiolulate ; flowers yellow, in leafy cymes ; petals emarginate, 

 shorter than the lanceolate, acute sepals. A common species, 1 3 feet high, in 

 pastures and wasto<>laces. July Aug. 



2. P. Canadensis. Five-finger. 



Hirsute-pubescent; stems sarmentose, procumbent and ascending; leaves 

 palmately 3 5-foliate ; leaflets obovate, silky beneath, especially when young, 

 incisely toothed toward the apex ; stipules 2 3-cleft, or entire ; flowers yellow, 

 on axillary, solitary, elongated pedicels; calyx-segments shorter than the brnc- 

 teoles, and rather shorter than the petals. A very common and variable spe- 

 cies, sporting into apparently distinct varieties under the influence of different 

 soils. April Aug. 



The most common varieties are 



Var. pumila very small and delicate. In dry soils, flowering in April an'l 

 May ; 



