OKDER XLTV. ROSACES KOSE-FAMILY. 



153 



Var. simplex less hairy; stem erect, or ascending at base, often sarmentose 

 at apex ; leaflets oblong-cuneiform ; stems | 2 feet long. Found in rich, moist 

 soils, flowering from Jane to Aug. 



3. P. argentea. Silvery Cinquefoil. 



Stems ascending, hoary-tomentose; leaves palmately 8 5-foliate; leaflets 

 oblong-cuneiform, pinnatifldly incised, entire at base, with a revolute margin, 

 silvery-canescent beneath; flowers small, yellow, in crowded, terminal co- 

 rymbs ; petals longer than the canescent sepals. A common and pretty species, 

 in barren fields and on rocky hills. Jane Sept. 



4. P. fruticosa. 



Shrubby Cinquefoil. 



Stem erect, shrubby, hairy, very branching ; leaves 5 7-foliate, on short 

 petioles ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, entire, crowded, silky-pubescent, especially 

 beneath ; flowers large, yellow, in terminal clusters ; petals suborbicular, longer 

 than the calyx. A very bushy shrub, 12 feet high, found in meadows in the 

 Northern States. June Sept. 



10. FRAGiRIA. 



Calyx concave, deeply 5-cleft, with 3 alternate, exterior seg- 

 ments, or bracteoles. Petals 5, obcordate. Stamens numerous. 

 Achenia dry, smooth, scattered on the enlarged, pulpy, deciduous 

 receptacle. Leaves trifoliate. Stems stoloniferous. Per. 



1. F. Virginiana. 



Field Strawberry. 



Plants pubescent ; leaflets oval, coarsely serrate, rather coriaceous ; flowers 

 white, on few-flowered scapes, shorter than the' leaves ; fruit roundish-ovoid ; 

 achenia imbedded in pits on the receptacle; calyx spreading in fruit. A well- 

 Known plant, in fields and meadows, universally a favorite for its delicious fruit, 

 which, when ripened in the sun, is scarcely surpassed in flavor by the culti- 

 vated species, and rivals it in sweetness ; ripe in June and July. Flowers in 

 April and May. 



2. F. vesca. English Strawberry. 



Plant pubescent, leaflets oval, coarsely serrate, or dentate; flowers white, 

 on scapes usually longer than the leaves ; achenia scattered in the surface of 

 the conical, or semi-spherical fruit, which is not pitted ; calyx of the fruit much 

 spreading, or reflexed. Not uncommon in woods and fields, in the Northern 

 States, and very common in cultivation. Distinguished from the last, which it 

 closely resembles, by the fruit not being pitted, and the peduncles being gene- 

 rally longer than the leaves. April May. 



11. WALDSTEtNIA. 



Calyx 5-cleft, with 5 alternate, sometimes minute and decidu- 

 ous bracteoles. Petals 5, or more, sessile, deciduous. Stamens 

 numerous, inserted into the calyx, with filiform filaments. Ache- 

 nia few, dry, inserted on a short receptacle. Per. 



1. W. fragarioides. 



Dry Strawberry. 



Leaves trifoliate, with pubescent petioles ; leaflets broadly cuneiform, cre- 

 nately toothed, and incised ; scapes bracteate, many- flowered ; flowers yellow ; 

 petals obovate, longer than the calyx-segments. An elegant plant, in shady 

 and hilly woods, with dark green foliage. Khizoma thick, and of a blackish 

 color. Most common in N. N. Eng. and N. York. June. 



12. KtlBUS. 



Calyx 5-parted, spreading. Petals 5, deciduous. Stamens 

 numerous, inserted on the border of the disk. Ovaries numerous, 

 with 2 ovules, 1 abortive. Achenia persistent, pulpy and drupa- 

 ceous, aggregated on a conical, or cylindrical, juicy, deciduous 

 receptacle, so as to form a compound berry. Receptacle decidu- 

 ous, separating from the axis with the fruit. 



1. R. villosus. 



High Blackberry. 



Stem mostly erect, angular, armed with stout, curved prickles; young 

 branches and peduncles villous and glandular; leaves palmately 3 5-foliate; 

 leaflets ovate, mostly acuminate, serrate, glandular- villous beneath, with prickly 

 petioles ; flowers white, in leafless racemes of 20 25 ; calyx acuminate, shorter 

 than the obovate, spreading petals; fruit oblong, large, black, sweet and deli- 

 cious ; ripe in A ug. A common, prickly shrub ; quite variable. Common 

 along fences and borders of woods. 



Var. frondosus is less glandular, and smoother, with incisely serrate leaflet*; 

 flowers about 10 in a raceme, with leafy bracts at base. May. 



20 



2. R. hispidus. 



Bristly Blackberry. 



Stem slender, prostrate, clothed with retrorse bristles ; leaves 3-foliate, rarely 

 quinate ; leaflets somewhat coriaceous, obovate, mostly obtuse, smooth, entire 

 toward the base, coarsely serrate ; peduncles leafless, corymbose, with several 

 flowers, often bristly with filiform pedicels ; flowers small, white ; petals obovate, 

 twice as long as the spreading sepals ; fruit small, dark purple, or blackish, sour. 

 A common species with prostrate, trailing stems, in swamps and damp grounds. 

 The leaves remain through the winter. May June. 



3. R. Canadensis. 



Low Blackberry. 



Stem procumbent, or trailing, somewhat prickly ; leaves ternate, rarely qui- 

 nate ; leaflets varying from oval or rhombic-oval to lanceolate, acute, or acumi- 

 nate, membranaceous, incisely and unequally serrate, mostly smooth ; the com- 

 mon petiole pubescent, or somewhat prickly ; flowers large, white, with leafy 

 bracts, somewhat corymbose ; petals obovate, twice as long as the mucronate 

 calyx ; fruit very large, black, sweet and juicy; ripe in July and August A 

 very common species in sandy fields. May. 



* * Fruit separating from the dry, conical persistent receptacle. 



4. R. odoratus. Flowering Raspberry. 



Unarmed, glandular-hispid ; leaves palmately 3 5-lobed, somewhat cordate 

 at base, serrate, pubescent, the lobes acute, or acuminate ; flowers large, in ter- 

 minal corymbs, 1' 2' in diameter, purplish rose-color, on glandular-hispid pe- 

 duncles; calyx-segments appendiculate, shorter than the orbicular petals. The 

 upper part of the stem thickly clothed with purplish, viscid, glandular hairs. A 

 splendid shrub, not uncommon on rocky hills, and in rocky woods, frequent in 

 cultivation. The fruit is broad and rather flattisb, red, or yellowish, and when 

 ripe, sweet and pleasant June July. 



5. R. Tdaeus. 



Garden Raspberry. 



Stem hispid, or covered with recurved prickles ; leaves pinnately 3 5-foli- 

 ate ; leaflets broad-ovate, or rhomboidal, acuminate, unequally and Incisely ser- 

 rate, hoary-toinentose beneath, sessile, except the odd one ; flowers white, corym- 

 bosely paniculate ; petals entire, shorter than the tomentose, acuminate, calyx ; 

 fruit red, delicious, ripe in July. A common species in cultivation, admired for 

 its fruit, of which there are many varieties in form and color. May. 



6. R. strigosus. 



Raspberry. 



Stem unarmed, shrubby, strongly hispid; leaves pinnately 3 5-foliate; 

 leaflets oblong-ovate, acuminate, serrate, hoary-tomentose beneath, sessile, ex- 

 cept the odd one, which is often sub-cordate at base; peduncles 3 6 flowered, 

 hispid; petals white, about equal to the spreading sepals; fruit light red, juicy, 

 of a peculiar and very pleasant flavor, ripe in August A common species 

 along fences, and in neglected fields. May. 



7. R. occidentalis. Black Raspberry. 



Stem shrubby, glaucous, armed with hooked prickles ; leaves pinnately 3-foli- 

 ate ; leaflets ovate, acuminate, coarsely and doubly serrate, hoary-tomentose be- 

 neath ; lateral ones sessile ; peduncles axillary and terminal, the former 1 3- 

 flowered, the latter several-flowered, with short pedicels; petals white, shorter 

 than the reflexed sepals ; fruit dark purple, covered with a glaucous bloom, 

 roundish, of a lively pleasant flavor, ripe in July. A common species along 

 fences and the border of woods, distinguished by its purple, glaucous, arching 

 stems. May. 



S. R. triflorus. Herbaceous Raspberry. 



Stem somewhat suffruticose at base, declined, unarmed ; branches slender, 

 herbaceous, pubescent; leaves 3 5-foliate; leaflets mostly smooth, or pubes- 

 cent beneath, rhombic-ovate, acute, unequally dentate, sessile, except the odd 

 one; stipules ovate, entire; flowers white, on terminal 1 3-flowered pedun- 

 cles ; sepals at length reflexed ; petals oblong-obovate, erect, longer than the 

 calyx ; fruit small, red. A common herbaceous species in moist woods, and 

 shady hill-sides. The fruit is red and sour, grown in the shade, but rather plea^ 

 sant when ripened in the sun. June. Per. 



13. K6SA. 



Calyx-tube urceolate, contracted at the mouth, at length fleshy, 

 with 5 segments, which are somewhat spirally imbricated in pre- 

 floration. Petals 5. Achenia numerous, bony, hairy, attached 

 to the inside of the fleshy calyx-tube. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs. 



1. R. Carolina. Swamp Rose. 



Stem smooth, armed with stout-hooked, mostly stipular prickles ; leaflets 

 5 9, oblong, serrate, pale beneath, not shining above, petiolate ; petioles 



