ORDER XLV. CALYCANTHACE.E OALYCANTIIUS-TRIBE. OKDER XLIX. ONAGRACEvE EVEN. PRIM.-FAMILY. 155 



styles 35 ; fruit pyriform, ovary red, eatable, but rather insipid. A large 

 shrub in wet thickets, growing 1015 feet high, and armed with sharp thorns. 



J/ay. 



4. C. Oxyacantha. 



Hawthorn. 



Leaves obovate, 3 5-lobed, incised and serrate, cruciform at base, shining, 

 smooth ; flowers white, iu glabrous corymbs, with smooth pedicels ; styles 1 

 8; fruit ovoid, deep red, or purple, small. A very branching shrub, with gla- 

 brous branches, and very slender, sharp, axillary thorns, 815 feet high. Com- 

 mon in cultivation, especially for hedges. May. 



16. PYKU8. 



CaljTC urceolate, with a 5-cleft limb. Petals 5, roundish. 

 Styles 2 5, often united at base. Pome closed, fleshy, 2 5 car- 

 peled. Carpels cartilaginous, 2-seeded. 



1 P. Malus. Apple 



Leaves ovate, or oblong-ovate, serrate, acute, or briefly acuminate, pubes- 

 cent above, tomentose beneath, petiolate ; flowers large, light rose-color, mingled 

 with white, fragrant, in somewhat umbellate corymbs; pedicels and calyx 

 villous-tomentose; petals short, unguiculate; styles 5, united and villous at 

 base; pome globose. A well-known fruit-tree, universally cultivated, and 

 almost naturalized. It grows 20- -40 ft. high, with crooked, spreading branches, 

 and dark rough bark. Innumerable varieties are cultivated. May. 



2. P. communis. Pear. 



Leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat serrate, smooth above, pubescent be- 

 neath, acute or acuminate ; flowers smaller than in the Apple, white, in 

 racemose corymbs, with the calyx and pedicels pubescent, styles 5, distinct and 

 villous at base ; pome usually pyriform. A taller tree than the last. 20 50 ft. 

 high, equally well known and prized. Branches ascending. As in the Apple, 

 tho varieties are numberless. May, 



3. P. arbutifolia. 



Choke-berry. 



Leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, or acute, crenately serrulate, smooth and 

 shining above, when young tomentose beneath, somewhat coriaceous; flowers 

 in compound, terminal corymbs ; calyx and pedicels tomentose when young; 

 fruit pyriform, or nearly globose, dark-red, or purple when ripe, astringent A 

 low branching shrub, 2 5 ft. high, common in low grounds and borders of 

 swamps. May. 



4. P. Americana. Mountain Ash. 



Leaves pinnate, 1315 foliate, smooth, but, together with the petiole, pu- 

 bescent when very young; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply ser- 

 rate, with mucronate teeth, flowers white, in compound cymes ; fruit bright 

 red, or scarlet, globose, sour. Common in damp woods in mountainous dis- 

 tricts, especially in the northern parts of New England. A small tree 15 25 

 ft. high, blossoming in May and June. Frequently cultivated. 



17. AMELANCHIER. 



Calyx 5-cleft. Petals oblong-ovate, or oblanceolate. Stamens 

 short. Styles 5, more or less connected. Pome 3 5-celled, 

 cells partly divided by a false dissepiment, -with a seed in each 

 division. 



1. A. Canadensis. 



Shad-flower. 



Leaves ovate, or oval, sometimes oblong, often cordate at base, softly tomen- 

 tose when very young, smooth when fully grown, sharply serrate ; flowers 

 white, ra:emose ; berries purple, eatable ; calyx-segments triangular-lanceo- 

 late, about the length of the tube. A very common and variable shrub in damp 

 rocky woods, and low grounds, growing 615 ft. high. May. 



One of the most common varieties is var. Oblongifdlia. Leaves oval- 

 oblong, mucronate, serrate, with short acute teeth, tomentose on the lower 

 surface during flowering ; flowers smaller ; petals obovate-oblong, about 3 times 

 the length of the calyx. Apparently well marked while in flower, but difHcult 

 to distinguish afterwards. 



18. CYDINIA. 



Calyx urceolate with a 5-cleft limb. Petals 5. Styles 5. 

 Pome with 6 cartilaginous, many-seeded carpels. Seeds cov- 

 ered with a mucilaginous pulp. 



1. C. Vulgaris. Quince. 



Leaves oblong-ovate, obtuso at base, acute at apex, entire, smooth above, 

 woolly beneath; flowers large, solitary, on woolly peduncles; calyx woolly 

 petals white, tinged with red ; pome soft, downy, usually obovoid, yellow when 



mature. A large shrub of straggling growth, with long, very slender branch- 

 lets. The well-known fruit is universally employed for sweetmeats. May. 



O RDER XLV. Caly canthacese. Cdkjcanthus- 

 tribe. 



1. CALYCANTHUS. 



Lobes of the calyx and petals passing into each other, im- 

 bricated in several series, lanceolate, colored, somewhat coria- 

 ceous or fleshy. Stamens unequal, the 12 outer fertile. 



1. C. floridus. Sweet scented Shrub. 



Leaves oval or ovate-lanceolate, tomentose beneath ; branches spreading ; 

 flowers Inrid purple, almost sessile. A shrub 6 10 feet high, exhaling from its 

 bark and leaves the odor of camphor, and from its flowers when wilted that ol 

 ripe apples. Native of the South, but common in gardens. It is very variable. 

 In some varieties the leaves are smooth and glaucous beneath ; in others, lan- 

 ceolate, smooth beneath, and scabrous above ; in others still, smooth beneath 

 with the branches erect. June. 



ORDER XLVII. Melastomacese. Mda- 

 stoma-family. 



1. RHtiXIA. 



Calyx-tube swelling at base, with a 4-cleft, persistent limb. 

 Petals 4. Stamens 8, with 1-celled anthers. Style declined. 

 Capsule nearly free from the investing calyx-tube, 4-celled, with 

 prominent placenta?. Per. 



1. R. Virginica. 



Meadow Beauty. 



Stem somewhat hispid, with 4 slightly winged angles ; leaves sessile, oval- 

 lanceolate, sparingly hispid, ciliate-serrulate, strongly 3-nerved, rarely more ; 

 flowers large, bright purple, showy and numerous, in corymbose cymes; 

 petals obovate, hispid beneath, deciduous ; calyx hispid ; anthers long, yellow, 

 crooked. A very showy plant 6' 12' in wet ground ; not uncommon. July 

 Aug. 



ORDER XL VIII. Lythracese. Loo-setrife- 

 family. 



1. DEC&DON. 



Calyx short, broadly campanulate, with 5 erect teeth, and 

 5 elongated, spreading, horn-like processes. Stamens 10, those 

 opposite the calyx-teeth very long. Style filiform. Stigma 

 small. Capsule globose, included in the calyx, many-seeded. Per. 



1. D. verticillatum. Swamp Loosetrife. 



Stems simple, woody at base, with recurved or reclining branches, often 

 rooting at the summit, 4 6 angled ; leaves opposite or verticillate in whorls of 

 3, lanceolate, entire, on short petioles ; flowers purple, in axillary, nearly sessile 

 clusters, of 3, or more, apparently verticillate, extending over the greater part 

 of the stem. An elegant plant in swamps, with slender stems 4 6 ft. long, and 

 showy flowers. Common. Aug. Sep. There are 2 varieties, one in Rhode 

 Island, and further south, with the stems and under surface of the leaves pu- 

 bescent, the other with the stem and leaves smooth, in other parts of New 

 England. 



ORDER XLIX. Onagracese. Evening 

 Primrose-family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 



SUBOEDER I. Onagraceaa proper. 



Calyx-tube usually prolonged beyond the ovary ; limb 4-parted. Petals 4, 

 (usually wanting In one species of No. 4 ) Stamens 8, 4, or 2. Capsule 2 or 4- 

 celled, 2 or 4 valved. 



* Stamens 8. Petals 4. 



1. EPIL6BITJM. Calyx-tube not prolonged beyond the ovary. Capsule 



