160 



OKDER LVII. UMBELLIFERJS UMBELLATE-FAMILY. 



6. CRYPTOTCEXIA. Partial umbels with unequal rays. Fruit nearly ob- 

 long, laterally compressed, wingless. Leaves 8-foliate. 



8. OAKUM. Fruit oval, laterally compressed, wingless, Leaves somewhat 

 bi-pinnatifid. 



9. APICM. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit roundish, laterally compressed, 

 wing-less. Lower leaves pinnately parted. 



18. HERACLEUM. Fruit dorsally compressed, flat, with a broadly winged 

 margin. Leaves ternately parted. 



14. DAUCUS. Fruit oblong, not compressed, clothed with prickles in sepa- 

 rate rows. 



15. OSMORHIZA. Fruit linear, clavate, taprring at base, with bristly ribs. 



16. CONIIIM. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit ovate, laterally compressed, with 

 5 undulate ribs. Leaves bi- or tri-ternately decompound. 



17. COKIANDUUM. Calyx with a distinct tube. Fruit globose. Leaves pin- 

 nately parted. 



* * * Flowers yellow. 



7. ZiziA. Fruit oval, laterally compressed. Leaves bi-ternately divided. 

 10. FfflsicuLUM. Fruit oblong, laterally compressed, with obtuse ribs. 



Leaves bi-ternately dissected, with filiform segments. 



12. PASTINACA.. Fruit oval, dorsally compressed, very flat, with a thin, 

 broadly winged margin. Leaves pinnately parted. 



1. IIYDROC6TYLE. 



Calyx obsolete. Petals ovate, entire, acute, spreading, -with 

 the point not inflected. Fruit flattened laterally, with a narrow 

 commissure. Carpels without vittae. Per. 



1. H. Americana. Penny-wort. 



Smooth and shining ; stem flexuous, branching, often decumbent ; leaves or- 

 bicular-reniform, somewhat lobed, doubly crenate ; flowers minute, greenish, 

 in axillary, sessile, few-flowered, greenish, capitate umbels ; fruit very minute, 

 orbicular. A smooth and delicate plant, growing in wot, grassy places. Very 

 common. Stems 2' 4' long. June Aug. 



2. SANtCULA. 



Flowers polygamous. Calyx-tube echinate. Petals obovate, 

 erect, with a long inflexed point. Fruit subglobose, armed with 

 hooked prickles. Carpels not ribbed, furnished with numerous 

 vittfe. Per. 



1. S. Marilandica. Sanicle. 



Leaves digitately 5 7-parted, mostly radical ; segments oblong or cuneate, 

 incisely serrate ; cauline leaves few, nearly sessile ; flowers greenish, small, 

 mostly barren ; umbels with few rays, often proliferous ; umbellets with numer- 

 ous rays; involucre 6-leaved, serrate; sterile flowers numerous, on pedicels as 

 long as the fertile, sessile flowers; style elongated, conspicuous and recurved. 

 A common plant 23 feet high, dichotomons at summit In woods and thick- 

 ets. June July. 



3. DISCOPLEtTEA. 



Calyx-teeth subulate, persistent. Petals ovate, entire, with 



minute inflexed point. Fruit ovate, frequently didj^mous. 



Carpels with 3 prominent, filiform, dorsal ribs, and 2 lateral ones, 



united with a thick margin. Intervals with single vittae. Seeds 



nearly round. An. 



1. D. capillacea. Bishop-weed. 



Erect or procumbent ; leaves very finely dissected, with setaceous segments ; 

 umbels with 8-10 rays; leaflets of the involucre 85, usually 8-parted; involu- 

 cels filiform, longer than the umbellets ; flowers white ; fruit ovate. A very 

 smooth plant, 1 foot high, in salt marshes. Mass., R. I., and southward. July 

 Oct. 



4. CICfrTA. 



Calyx-margin with 5 broad teeth. Petals obcordate, with an 

 inflexed point. Fruit roundish, didymous. Carpels with 6, flat- 

 tish, equal ribs, 2 of them marginal. Intervals filled with single 

 vittse. Commissure with 2 vittae. Carpophore 2-parted. Seeds 

 terete. Involucres few-leaved, or none. Involucels many-leaved. 



1. C. maculata. Water Hemlock. 



Stem smooth, hollow, often streaked with purple ; lower leaves triternately 

 divided; upper ones biternately divided; leaflets lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, 

 smooth ; flowers white, in axillary and terminal umbels; involucre-leaves none, 

 or 12 small ones ; involucel of 56 linear divisions ; calyx and style persist- 

 ent; root thick, fleshy, poisonous. A common plant in wet meadows, 48 feet 

 high, with decompound leaves. The terminal leaflet is often pinnate or quin- 

 nate. July Aug. 



2. C. bulbifera. Bulbous Cicuta. 



Stem round, hollow, striatc, green ; axils of the branches bearing small bulb- 

 lets; leaves biternately divided ; leaflets mostly linear, varying from almost 



setaceous to linear-lanceolate ; flowers small, white, in axillary and terminal 

 umbels: involucels setaceous. A slender species 3 5 foot high, in swamps. 

 Not so common as the last. Aug. 



5. SlUM. 



Calyx-margin 5-toothed or obsolete. Petals obcordate, with 

 an inflected point. Fruit nearly oval. Carpels with 5 obtuse 

 ribs. Vittae usually several in each interval. Carpophore 2-pnrted. 

 Per. 



1. S. lineare. Long-leaved Sium. 



Stem angular, sulcate ; leaves pinnate; leaflets linear or linear-lanceolate, 

 finely serrate ; flowers white, small ; involucres with 5-6 linear divisions ; 

 calyx-teeth minute; fruit obovate. A tall and stout plant, 85 feet high, with 

 narrow leaflets. Common, especially near the sea-coast. July. 



6. CRYPTOT^ENIA. 



Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals obcordate, with an inflected 

 point Fruit linear-oblong or ovate-oblong. Carpels with 5 

 equal, obtuse ribs. Vittse very narrow, twice as many as the 

 ribs. Carpophore free, 2-parted. Per. 



1. C. Canadensis. Hone-wort. 



Stem smooth, branching above ; leaves 8-parted, petiolate ; segments ovate, 

 entire, or 2 3-lobed, doubly serrate ; teeth coarse, mucronate ; umbels irregu- 

 lar, axillary and terminal, somewhat paniculate, with very unequal rays; flow- 

 ers small, white ; involucres none; involucels few-leaved ; fruit oblong-elliptical. 

 A common plant in moist woods, 1 2 feet high, with the radical leaves on long 

 petioles, and distinguished by its irregular umbels and nuibellets. July. 



7. ZiZIA. 



Calyx-margin obsolete, or with 5 very minute teeth. Petals 

 oblong, with an inflexed point. Fruit oval, didymous. Carpels 

 5-ribbed, with the lateral ribs marginal. Intervals with 1 3 

 vittae. Commissure with 3 4. Involucre none. Involucels few- 

 leaved. Per. 



1. Z. a urea. 



Golden Alexander. 



Smooth ; stem erect, or somewhat decumbent, sulcate, branching above ; 

 leaves biternately divided ; segments oblong-lanceolate, serrate ; umbellets with 

 short rays ; flowers small, deep yellow ; involucels of 2 3 very small leaflets ; 

 fruit elliptical, brown when mature. Not uncommon in woods and fields. 

 Stem 6' 12' high. May June. 



8. CARUM. 



Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, witli an 

 inflexed point. Styles spreading, dilated at base. Fruit oval, 

 compressed laterally. Carpels 5-ribbed, lateral ribs marginal. 

 Intervals with single vittse. Commissure with 2. Per. 



1. C. Carvi. Caraway. 



Leaves somewhat bi-pinnatifidly divided ; segments numerous, linear ; invo- 

 lucre 1-leaved, or none ; involucels none ; flowers white. A common plant In 

 gardens, cultivated for its aromatic fruit. Stem 2 3 feet high, smooth and 

 branching. Lower leaves large, on long petioles, with large, swelling sheaths. 

 June. 



9. APIUM. 



Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals roundish, with an inflected 

 point Fruit roundish, laterally compressed. Carpels 5-ribbed ; 

 the lateral ribs marginal. Intervals with single vittse. Carpo- 

 phore undivided. Biennial. 



\. A. graveolens. 



Celery. 



Stem branching, furrowed ; lower leaves pinnately dissected, on very long 

 petioles; segments broadly cuneate, incised ; upper leaves 8-parted ; segments 

 cuneate, lobed and incisely dentate at apex ; flowers white, in umbels, with un- 

 equal, spreading rays. Cultivated in gardens for its stein and radical petioles, 

 which when blanched are eaten as salad. July Aug. 



10. FCENlCULUM. 



Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals revolute, with a broad, retuse 

 apex. Fruit oblong, somewhat laterally compressed. Carpels 

 with 5 obtuse ribs ; marginal ones a little broader. Intervals 

 with single vittse ; commissure with 2. An. 



1. F. vulgare. Fennel. 



Stem round, smooth, branched ; leaves biternately dissected, with linear- 

 subulate, elongated segments; umbels with numerous unequal spreading rays, 



