OKDER LVII. ARALIACE.E SPIKENAKD-FAMILY. 



161 



involucre and involuccls none ; carpels turgid, oblong-ovate; flowers yellow. 

 Common in gardens ; cultivated for its aromatic seeds. July. 



11. AECHANG^LICA. 



Calyx-teeth short. Petals equal, entire, acuminate^ with the 

 point inflexed. Fruit dorsally compressed. Carpels with 3 cari- 

 nate dorsal ribs, with the 2 lateral ones dilated into wings. Vit- 

 tae very numerous. Per. 



1. A. atropurpurea. Angelica. 



Stem mostly dark purple, furrowed ; leaves 3-parted, on large, inflated pe- 

 tioles; divisions of the leaves bipinnately divided, with 5 7 segments; the 8 

 terminal ones confluent, sub-acuminate, unequally serrate; flowers greenish, 

 in very large umbels, on nearly smooth peduncles ; involucre almost none ; in- 

 volucels many-leaved ; fruit smooth. A tall, rank plant in meadows, with very 

 large greenish umbels, and aromatic seeds. Stem 4 6 feet high, hollow. 

 June. 



12. PASTINlCA. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete, or minute. Petals roundish, entire, in- 

 volute, with an inflexed point. Fruit much compressed, with a 

 broad, flat margin. Carpels with 5, nearly obsolete ribs. In- 

 tervals with single vittte ; commissure with 2 or none. Carpo- 

 phore 2-parted. Seeds flat. Involucre and involucels few- 

 leaved ; or none. Per. 



1. P. sativa. 



Parsnip. 



Roots fleshy ; stem smooth, sulcate ; leaves pinnately divided, slightly pu- 

 bescent, especially beneath; leaflets ovate, or oblong, unequally serrate; termi- 

 nal one often 8-lobed ; umbels large, on long peduncles ; flowers yellow ; fruit 

 oval ; commissure with 2 vittaj, which are dark purple. Common In cultiva- 

 tion, and also naturalized in waste places. Stem 35 ft high. July Sep. 

 Biennial. 



18. HEEACLfcUM. 



Calyx with 5, small, distinct teeth. Petals obcprdate, with 

 an inflexed point, in the exterior flowers often radiate and ap- 

 parently deeply 2-cleft. Fruit compressed, flat, with broad, flat 

 margins. Carpels with 3 obtuse, dorsal ribs. Intervals with 

 single, mostly clavate vittse. Seeds flat. Involucre caducous, 

 mostly few-leaved. Involucels mafty-leaved. Per. 



1. H. lanatum. 



Stem sulcate, branching, hollow, pubescent; leaves very large and broad, 

 especially the lower ones, on very largo petioles, ternately divided, tomentose 

 beneath; leaflets petiolate, roundish-cordate, unequally lobed; lobes acumi- 

 nate, nearly smooth above ; flowers white, in very large umbels ; segments of 

 the involucre lanceolate, deciduous, those of the involucels lanceolate, acumi- 

 nate ; fruit nearly orbicular. A tall, rank plant, 4 S ft. high, in meadows, dis- 

 tinguished by its large leaves, and its immense umbels (often a foot in diameter), 

 of which the marginal flowers are generally radiate and much larger than the 

 others. June. 



14 DAtTCUS. 



Calyx-margin 6-toothed. Petals obovate, emarginate with an 

 inflected point, the 2 outer often the largest, and deeply 2-cleft. 

 Fruit ovoid, or oblong. Carpels with 5 primary ribs, 3 dorsal 

 and 2 on the flat commissure, and 4 secondary ribs, the latter 

 more prominent, winged, and each bearing a single row of 

 prickles, with single vitse beneath. Carpophore entirely free. 

 Bienn. 



1. D. Carota. 



Carrot. 



Stem hispid, branching; leaves bi- or tri-pinnatifid ; segments pinnatifld; 

 leaflets lanceolate or linear; leaflets of the involucre pinnatifld, nearly as long as 

 the umbel; leaflets of the involucel entire, or 8-cleft; flowers white, sometimes 

 yellowish ; the central flower in each umbellet abortive, rose-colored. Eoot 

 conical. Common in cultivation. Naturalized along roadsides and in dry 

 fields. Common. July. 



15. OSMOEIllZA. 



Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals oblong, entire ; the cuspidate 

 point inflected. Styles conical at base. Fruit very long, linear, 

 clavate, attenuate at base. Carpels with 5 aoute, bristly ribs. 

 Intervals without vittse. Commissure with a deep bristly channel. 

 Per. 



21 



1. 0. longistylis. 



Sweet Cicely. 



Stem branching above, nearly smooth ; leaves biternately divided ; radical 

 and lower cauline ones on long petioles ; segments broadly ovate, somewhat 

 lobed, slightly pubescent on both sides ; flowers white ; umbels of about 5 

 rays ; involucre of 1 3 linear, ciliate leaflets, longer than the rays ; involucels 

 of 5 lanceolate leaflets ; styles filiform, nearly as long as the ovary ; fruit cla- 

 vate, dark green or blackish, hispid, crowned with the slender, and at length 

 divergent styles. Eoot fasciculate and rather fleshy, of a sweet anise-like 

 flavor. A common plant in woods, 1 3 ft. high, of a very agreeable, spicy 

 odor and taste, especially the root. May June. 



2. 0. brevistylis. 



Hairy Cicely. 



Stem erect, branching, mostly pubescent; leaves biternately divided; 

 segments pinnatifld, hairy on both sides ; flowers white, smaller than in the 

 last ; styles conical, scarcely as long as the ovary is broad ; fruit somewhat 

 tapering, with the persistent styles at length converging. The root has a 

 sweetish, rather disagreeable taste, and is entirely destitute of the anise-like 

 flavor of the last. The plant is more hairy, and the segments of the leaves 

 more deeply cleft. Stem 1 3 ft. high. Grows in woods, rather common. 

 May June, 



16. CftNIUM. 



Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals obcordate, with a short in- 

 flected point. Fruit ovate, with compressed sides. Carpels with 

 5 prominent, equal, undulate-crenulate ribs ; the lateral ones 

 marginal. Intervals without vittse. Seeds with a deep narrow 

 groove in the face. Bienn. 



1. C. maculatum. Poison Hemlock. 



Stem smooth, branching, hollow, spotted ; leaves decompound, bipinnately^ 

 divided ; leaflets lanceolate, pinnatifld, with acute lobes ; involucre of about 5 

 lanceolate leaflets ; involucel of 3 5 unilateral leaflets ; flowers small, white, in 

 terminal umbels ; fruit smooth. A common poisonous weed, 3 8 ft high in 

 waste places. . Introduced. The lower leaves are very large, on long petioles. 

 The whole plant is a powerful narcotic poison, and has a disagreeable odor, 

 especially when bruised. July Aug. 



IT. COBIANDEUM. 



Calyx with 5 conspicuous teeth. Petals obcordate, inflexed at 

 the point ; outer ones much larger, bifid. Fruit globose. Car- 

 pels cohering together, with 5 depressed, primary ribs, and 4 

 secondary, more prominent ones. Seeds concave on the face. An. 



1. 0. sativum. 



Coriander. 



Glabrous; leaves bipinnately divided; lower ones with broad, cuneate 

 segments; upper ones with linear segments; involucre none; involucel 3- 

 leaved, unilateral; flowers white; carpels hemispherical. A well known 

 garden plant, 23 ft. high, with strong-scented leaves. Cultivated for its 

 aromatic fruit. July. 



OKDER LVIII. 



Araliacese. Spikenard- 

 family. 



1. ABALIA. 



Calyx-limb 5-toothed or entire, short. Petals 5, spreading. 

 Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Styles 5, at length di- 

 verging. Fruit baccate, 5-lobed, 5-celled, 5-seeded. Per. 



1. A. racemosa. Pettymorrel. 



Stem smooth, herbaceous, branching; leaves decompound, 8 5-parted; 

 each division with 85 ovate, cordate, serrate, acuminate leaflets ; umbels 

 small, numerous, arranged in branching, compound racemes, forming panicles 

 on axillary peduncles ; flowers small, greenish-white ; fruit small, dark-purple. 

 A well known plant in rich, rocky woodlands, 3 6 feet high, with a thick, 

 pleasantly aromatic root. The leaves are very large, light-green. July. 



2. A. nudicaulis. 



Sarsaparilla. 



Nearly acaulescent ; leaf radical, solitary, on a long, 8-cleft petiole ; each 

 division pinnately 35 foliate ; leaflets oval or obovate. sharply serrate, acumi- 

 nate; scape naked, shorter than the leaf, bearing 8 simple, pedunculate umbels; 

 flowers small, greenish ; root long, creeping, aromatic. A common well known 

 plant in rich woods, with a scape about 1 foot high. May June. 



