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ORDER LIX. CORNACE^E CORNEL-FAMILY. ORDER LX. CAPRIFOLIACE^E HONEYSUCKLE-FAMILY. 



2. PlNAX. 



Flowers polygamous. Calyx-limb very short, obscurely 5- 

 toothed. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 5, alternate with the pe- 

 tals. Styles 2 8. Fruit drupaceous, fleshy, 2 3-celled. Cells 

 1-seeded. Per. 



1. P. trifolium. 



Dwarf Ginseng. 



Root globose ; leaves 3, vertlcillate, 8 5-foliate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 

 serrate, sub-sessile ; peduncle nearly as long as the leaves ; flowers white, on 

 short pedicels ; styles 3 ; berries 3-seeded. A delicate little plant, common in 

 low woods, 8' 6' high, with a simple, slender stem, a whorl of three leaves at 

 top and a little umbel of white flowers, on a long peduncle, rising from the 

 centre. May. 



2. P. quinquefolium. Ginseng. 



Root fusiform ; stem simple, smooth ; leaves 3, verticillate, 5-foliate ; leaflets 

 obovate-oblong, acuminate ; the lateral ones smaller ; peduncle almost as long 

 as the petioles ; flowers yellowish, on short pedicels ; styles 2 ; ovary 2-celled ; 

 stem about 1 foot high, bearing a simple umbel, succeeded by bright scarlet ber- 

 ries. A much larger plant in all its parts than the last, and less common, being 

 met with most frequently in rich woods, in mountainous districts. July. 



3. HfiDERA. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, dilated at base. Berry 5-seeded, 

 surrounded by the persistent calyx. Evergreen. 



1. H. helix. English Ivy. 



Stein and branches long and flexible, attaching themselves to the earth, 

 walls, or trees, by numerous rootlets ; leaves dark -green, smooth, petiolate, 

 .with white veins; lower ones 5-lobed; upper ovate; flowers green, in numer- 

 ous umbels, arranged in corymbs ; berry black. A climbing, shrubby plant, be- 

 coming common in cultivation, especially for training on walls. 



OEDEK LIX. 



C ornacese. Cornel-family. 



1. CORNUS. 



Calyx-limb 4-toothed, with minute segments. Petals 4, oblong, 

 spreading. Stamens 4, with filiform filaments. Style 1. Drupes 

 baccate. Trees, shrubs, and perennial herbs. 



1. C. alternifolia. 



Common Cornel. 



Leaves more or less alternate, oval, acuminate, smooth above, hoary-pubes- 

 cent beneath ; cymes loose, spreading ; flowers yellowish-white ; drupes light 

 bine. A small tree in moist woods, with alternate greenish warty brandies. 

 The leaves are irregularly arranged on the branches, but are for the most part 

 alternate. June. 



2. C. circinata. Bound-leaved Cornel. 



Branches greenish, spotted, warty ; leaves very broad, oval, or orbicular, 

 abruptly acuminate, white-tomentose beneath; cymes rather small, depressed; 

 flowers white ; petals ovate ; berries light blue. A shrub of irregular, strag- 

 gling growth, about 8 feet high. Woods and banks of streams. Not uncom- 

 mon. June. 



3. C. sericea. Bed Osier. 



Branches spreading, dark purple; branchlcts red; cymes and petioles 

 woolly ; leaves opposite, entire, oval or ovate, woolly beneath, mostly ferrugin- 

 ous, especially on the veins, acuminate ; cymes depressed, crowded ; flowers 

 yellowish-whito ; drupes sub-globose, bright blue. A large shrub, 6 10 feet 

 high, with rather variable ' and stout shoots, which are dark red, especially in 

 winter. Along streams and in wet grounds. Common. June. 



4. C. stolonifera. 



White-berried Cornel. 



Stems often reclined and stoloniferous ; shoots virgate, bright reddish-pur- 

 ple; branches smooth, spreading; leaves ovate, acute, hoary-pubescent beneath ; 

 cymes flat, nearly smooth ; petals ovate ; drupes white, lead-color when fully 

 ripe. A small tree, 810 feet high, with dark red, smooth shoots, especially 

 conspicuous in winter, often sending out branches, which take root and send 

 up erect shoots. Most common in the more northern portions of N. England 

 and N. York. June. 



5. C. florida. Box^wood. 



Leaves ovate, acuminate, acute at base, entire; flowers small, greenish- 



yellow, surrounded by a large 4-leaved involucre, the segments of which ar% 

 obcordate, with a callous point at apex, apparently euiarginate, white and 

 showy, often tinged with red ; drupes oval, bright rod. A tree 1530 feet high, 

 common in woods, and making a great display when In blossom. The wood is 

 exceedingly hard and compact The bark is bitter, with tonic properties. May 



6. C. Canadensis. 



Low Cornel. 



Herbaceous ; flowering stems low, simple, erect ; rhizoma creeping, some- 

 what woody ; upper leaves about 6, somewhat verticillate, on short petioles, 

 oval, acute, or acuminate ; involucre 4-leaved, much larger than the flowers; 

 leaflets broad-ovate, greenish-white, petaloid, inclosing the umbel of greenish- 

 yellow flowers ; drupes red, baccate, rather large, and of a sweetish taste. An 

 elegant little plant in damp woods and shady swamps, 4' 6' high. The flow- 

 ering stems look as if they had one large white flower, and are accompanied by 

 numerous barren ones, with 4 leaves at top. Per. May June. 



OEDER LX. Caprifoliacese. Honey suclde- 

 family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 



* Corolla more or less tubular. 



1. LoNicERA. Calyx-teeth very short. Corolla funnel-form, or tubular ; 

 limb with 5, irregular, or nearly regular segment's. Stamens 5, exsert. Fruit 

 a berry. Leaves not serrate. 



2. DiEKviLiA. Calyx with 5, subulate, persistent teeth ; Corolla funnel- 

 form. Limb with 5 nearly equal segments. Stamens 5. Shrubs with serrate 

 leaves. 



3. TKi6sTKCM. Calyx with 5 linear, leafy, persistent teeth. Corolla tubular, 

 gibbous at base, with 5 nearly equal segments. Herbs. 



4. SYMPHOBICAKPUS. Calyx with 46 persistent teeth. Corolla campanu- 

 late, regularly 4 5-lobed. Stamens 45, included. Fruit a berry. Shrubs. 



5. LTHNJU. Calyx with 5 deciduous, subulate teeth. Corolla campanulate, 

 with 5, nearly equal lobes. Stamens 4, 2 longer than the other 2. Trailing 

 evergreens. 



* * Corolla rotate, deeply and regularly 5-lol>ed. 



6. SAMB^CUS. Calyx-teeth minute or wanting. Fruit a pulpy berry. 

 Shrubs with pinnate leaves. 



7. VIBUKNCM. Calyx distinctly 5-toothed. Fruit a dry drupe. Shrubs 

 with simple leaves. 



1. LONlCERA. 



Calyx-limb with 5 short teeth. Corolla tubular or funnel- 

 form, gibbous at base, with a 5-cleft, usually quite irregular 

 limb. Stamens 5, exsert. Ovary 2 3-celled. Berry few-seeded. 

 * Climbing shrubs. Flowers in tchorls. 



1. L. parviflora. Small- flowered Honeysuckle. 



Leaves smooth, oblong, or elliptical t dark green and shining above, glaucous 

 beneath ; the upper pairs connate, all sessile, undulate, and revolute at the mar- 

 gin; flowers in 2 3 approximate, pedunculate whorls; corolla irregular, gib- 

 bous at base, with a short tube, pale yellow, and generally tinged with dull red ; 

 filaments bearded ; berries orange-colored. A slender shrub, frequently climb- 

 ing, sometimes nearly or quite erect ; growing in rocky woods. Not uncom- 

 mon. May June. 



2. L. sempervirens. Trumpet Honeysuckle. 



Leaves oblong, evergreen, pale beneath, upper pairs connate; flowers in 

 somewhat distant whorls, almost regular, ventricose above, scarlet without and 

 yellow within, nearly 2' long, inodorous. A splendid climbing evergreen spe- 

 cies, native in N. York, especially near the city and southward. Common in 

 cultivation. At the North the leaves are deciduous. May Aug. 



3. L. Periclymenum. Woodbine Honeysuckle. 



Leaves distinct, elliptical, on short petioles; flowers in ovate, Imbricate, ter- 

 minal heads; corolla ringent, yellow and red, fragrant ; berries red. A very 

 common species, much admired in cultivation. May July. 



A variety has smooth, lobed leaves. 



4. L. caprifolium. 



Italian Honeysuckle. 



Leaves deciduous, the upper pair connate ; flowers in a terminal whorl ; 

 corolla ringent, varying through red, yellow, and white, very fragrant. A very 

 beautiful cultivated species. June Aug. 



* * Shrubs. Flmeers pedunculate. 



5. L. ciliata. 



Fly Honeysuckle. 



Leaves ovate, or oblong-ovate, often cordate at base, ciliate, thin, villous be- 

 neath, when young; flowers in pairs, pendulous, axillary, connected by their 



