174 



ORDER LXV. LOBELIACEJS LOBELIA-FAMILY. ORDER LXVII. ERICACEAE HEATH-FAMILY. 



slightly dentate, the teeth tipped with weak spines, cordate and clasping at 

 base, with acute anricles; heads rather few, paniculate, yellow; peduncles 

 downy ; involucre downy when young. A weed-like plant, 2 8 ft. high, com- 

 mon in waste places, in the neighborhood of the sea-coast Sep. 



2. S. asper. 



Rough Sow-Thistle. 



Stem branching above; leaves clasping, cordate at base, with rounded 

 auricles, oblong-lanceolate, undulate or slightly runcinate, toothed and spinose; 

 peduncles and summit of the branches clothed with stiff glandular hairs ; 

 beads small, yellow. A more rigid and spiny plant than the last. Common in 

 waste places. Stem 3 4 ft high. Aug. Sep. 



ORDER LXV. Lobeliaceae. Lobelia-family. 



1. LOBELIA. 



Calyx 5-cleft, with a short tube. Corolla tubular, irregular, 

 deeply cleft on the upper side ; limb somewhat 2-lipped ; upper 

 lip nearly erect, 2-cleft ; lower lip spreading, 3-cleft. Capsule 

 2-celled, opening at summit. Seeds minute, many. Per. except 

 No. 2. 



1. L. cardinalis. 



Cardinal Flower. 



Stem erect, simple ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, serrate ; 

 flowers deep scarlet, large, in a long, terminal secund, bracted raceme ; bracts 

 linear, leaflike ; pedicels short; corolla much longer than the calyx. A splendid 

 plant, common in low grounds, distinguished by its large, brilliant flowers 

 which are sometimes white. Stem 23 ft. high. July Sep. 



2. L. inflata. 



Indian Tobacco. 



Stem erect branching, pubescent ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrate, 

 pubescent ; flowers small, pale blue, axillary, pedicellate, in leafy spikes ; bracts 

 ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the pedicels ; calyx-teeth as long as 

 the corolla; capsule inflated. A common plant,! 2 ft. high, possessing very 

 active properties, which render it a powerful medicine and a virulent poison. 

 Fields and pastures. July Sept. An. or Bien. 



3. L. Dortmanna. Water Lobelia. 



Smooth; scape simple, naked; leaves radical, linear, terete, fleshy, obtuse, 

 in a tuft at the base of the scape ; flowers pale blue, remote, nodding, forming 

 a terminal raceme ; bracts ovate, much shorter than the pedicels. A curious 

 species, growing in ponds, with a tnft of leaves at bottom, and a few remote 

 flowers just out of water. Not uncommon. July. 



4. L. spicata. 



Slender Lobelia. 



Slightly pubescent; stem erect, simple, slender; radical leaves oblong, or 

 spatnlate ; cauline oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate ; all but the uppermost den- 

 tate; flowers small, pale blue, in long, spicate racemes ; bracts narrow-linear, 

 nearly as long as the pedicels ; calyx-teeth as long as the corolla, subulate. A 

 slender species, 12 ft. High. Common in fields. July Aug. 



ORDER LXVI. 



Campamilacege. Bedflower- 

 family. 



1. CAMPANULA. 



Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla mostly campanulate, 6-lobed. Stamens 

 5, broad at base. Stigmas 3 5. Capsule 3 5-celled, opening 

 laterally by pores. 



1. C. rotundifolia. Hairbell. 



Stem slender, branching, weak ; radical leaves ovate, or roundish, cordate, cre- 

 nate, on long petioles, soon withering and disappearing ; cauline narrow-linear, 

 entire, smooth ; flowers bright blue, nodding; corolla twice as long as the subulate 

 calyx-teeth. A very delicate and elegant plant about a foot high, growing on 

 the rocky banks of streams, most common in Northern N. Eng. and N. York. 

 The root-leaves wither just before flowering, and hence are rarely observed. 

 July Sept. Per. 



2. C. aparinoides. Prickly Bell-flower. 



Stem slender, weak, branching, 3-angled, the angles rough backwards ; leaves 

 linear-lanceolate, denticulate, rough backwards on the margin and veins; Sow- 

 ars small, nearly white, solitary, on slender, diverging peduncles ; corolla cam- 

 panulate, much longer than the triangular calyx-teeth. A very slender plant, 



common in meadows and low grounds, where it supports iteelf upon other 

 plants, by means of its prickly stem and leaves. June Aug. An. 



3. C. Americana. 



American Bell-flower. 



Stem erect virgate, nearly simple; leaves ovate -lanceolate, tapering at both 

 ends, serrate, slightly hairy, with ciliate petioles ; the lowest sometimes cordate ; 

 flowers large, blue, nearly rotate, deeply cleft axillary, sessile, solitary, or seve- 

 ral together ; calyx-teeth subulate, shorter than the corolla. An elegant species, 

 2 3 ft. high, native in N. Y. and Penn. Not uncommon in cultivation. July 

 Aug. 



4. C. glomerata. 



Clustered Bell-flower. 



Stem angular, smooth, simple; leaves oblong-lanceolate, cordate at base, ses- 

 sile, rough ; lowest petiolate ; flowers large, mostly deep blue, aggregated in 

 a dense cluster ; corolla almost funnel-form, twice as long as the acuminate 

 calyx-teeth. A handsome species, frequent in gardens, where there are many 

 varieties. Stem 24 ft hisrh. Per. 



5. C. medium. 



Canterbury Bell. 



Stem erect, simple, hispid; leaves lanceolate, obtusely serrate, sessile, with 8 

 veins at base ; flowers very large, broad at base, with a reflexed limb, deep bine, 

 erect. A handsome species, common in gardens, where there are many varie- 

 ties, with red, purple, or white, sometimes double flowers. Bien. 



2. SPECULlRIA. 



Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed. Stamens with hairy 

 filaments, shorter than the anthers. Style hairy, included. Stig- 

 mas 3. Capsule prismatic, 3-celled, opening by 3 lateral valves. 

 An. 



1. S. perfoliata. Clasping Bell-flower. 



Stem erect, simple, somewhat pubescent ; leaves nearly orbicular, clasping 

 and cordate at base, crenate ; flowers sessile, axillary, solitary, or 3 together, 

 deep blue ; the upper ones only opening; corolla with spreading segments; 

 calyx-segments acute, lanceolate. An erect plant, 8' 12' high, well marked by 

 its clasping, roundish leaves, and deep blue flowers. Common in dry sandy 

 fields. June July. 



2. S. speculum. 



Venus' Looking-glass. 



Stem diffuse, very branching ; leaves oblong, crenato; flowers solitary. A 

 pretty species, sometimes cultivated in gardens, named from the form of the 

 blue corolla, which bears some resemblance to a concave mirror. Aug. 



ORDER LXVII. Ericaceae. Heatli-family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 

 SUBORDER I. Vaccinia. 



Calyx-teeth adherent to the ovary. Corolla monopetalous. Fruit a berry. 

 Shrubs or evergree^n, more or less woody plants. 



1. OAYLTTSSACIA. Ovaries 8 10-celled, 8 10-ovuled. Anthers awnlcss. 



2. VACCINIUM. Ovaries 4 5-celled, or 8 10-celled, by false partitions, 

 many-ovuled. Anthers often awned. 



SUBOEDEE II. Ericinea3. 



Calyx-tube free from the ovary. Corolla usually monopetalous, rarely with 

 distinct petals. Shrubs or small trees, rarely merely woody at base. 



8. ARCTOSTArnTLOs. Corolla urceolate. Fruit a 5-seeded drupe. Trailing 

 shrubs. 



4. GADXTHERIA. Corolla ovoid-cylindric. Fruit 5-celled, 5-valved, included 

 in the fleshy thickened calyx-lobes. Stem woody, trailing, with erect branches. 



5. EPIG^A. Corolla salver-form, hairy within. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. 

 Stem trailing, somewhat woody. 



6. ANDROMEDA. Corolla ovoid-cylindric. Anthers opening by terminal 

 pores. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Shrubs. 



7. CLETHRA. Petals 5. distinct. Capsule 3-celled, 8-valved. Shrubs. 



8. RHODODENDRON. Corolla funnel-form, with 5 somewhat irregular lobes. 

 Stamens and style much exsert Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Shrubs. 



9. KALMIA. Corolla somewhat campanulate, with 10 depressions on the in- 

 side, in which the 10 anthers are lodged in the bud. Evergreen shrubs. 



SUBOEDEE III. Pyrolese. 



Calyx free from the ovary. Petals nearly or quite distinct Evergreen, her- 

 baceous plants. 



10. PYROLA. Flowers racemed. Style long, usually declined. Valves of 

 the capsule woolly on the edges. 



11. CiiiMAPiiiLA. Flowers in corymbs or umbels. Style very short, with a 

 broad, roundish stigma. Valves of the capsule smooth on the edges. 



SUBOEDER IV. Monotropeas. 



Calyx free from the ovary. Petals usually, nearly, or quite distinct Fleshy 

 herbs, destitute of green foliage. 



