178 ORDER LXXIV. LENTIBULACE.E BLADDERWORT-FAM. ORDER LXXVIII. SCROPHULARIACEJE FIGWORT-FAM. 



Ing sheaths, very branching, forming a large, flat-topped, compound corymb, of 

 small, pale-blue flowers, which are sessile in secund spikes upon the branchlets. 

 A rather pretty plant, common in salt marshes, with a scape about a foot high. 

 Root large and woody, very astringent Aug. Oct. 



ORDER LXXIV. Lentibulacese. Bladder- 



ivort-family '. 



1. UTRICULlEIA. 



Calyx 2-parted, with nearly equal lips. Corolla irregularly 

 2-lipped, personate ; the lower lip projecting, and sometimes 

 closing the throat. Aquatics. 



1. U. inflata. 



Whorled Bladderwort. 



Upper leaves floating in a whorl of 5 or 6, which are inflated into oblong 

 bladders, but dissected at apex into capillary segments ; lower leaves submerged, 

 very finely dissected into capillary segments, and bearing many little bladders; 

 scape projecting above the water, 4 6-flowered ; flowers large, yellow, very 

 irregular, spurred ; spur about as long as the corolla, striate, emarginate ; upper 

 lip of the corolla broad-ovate, entire; lower 8-lobed. A curious aquatic, with 

 irregular, handsome, yellow flowers, and finely dissected leaves. Bather com- 

 mon in ponds. July Aug. Per. 



2. II. vulgaris. 



Common Bladderwort. 



Leaves all submerged, crowded, dissected into very numerous, capillary seg- 

 ments, furnished with little bladders ; flowers 512, pedicellate, yellow, very- 

 showy, alternate ; lower lip nearly as long as the upper one, with a projecting 

 palate striped with brown, which closes the throat; spur conical, obtuse, much 

 shorter than the corolla. A showy aquatic, very common in ponds and stag- 

 nant pools. Scape 4' 6' above the water. June Aug. Per. 



3. U. cornuta. Horned Bladderwort. 



Leafless ; scape rooting and scaly at base, 2 7-flowered ; flowers large, close 

 together, deep yellow ; pedicels very short ; lower lip of the corolla larger than 

 the obovate upper one, broad, projecting at the centre, and deflexed at the 

 edges, emarginate ; spur subulate, acute, rigid, inclined downwards, as long as 

 the corolla, or longer. Not uncommon in damp, peaty soils, or sandy swamps. 

 Scape 8' 12' high. June July. 



ORDER LXXV. Orobanchacese. Beech- 

 drops-family. 



i. EPIPH^GUS. 



Flowers racemose or spicate on the branches ; upper ones bar- 

 ren, with a long, tubular, recurved corolla, and long filaments 

 and style ; lower ones fertile, with a very short corolla, which 

 rarely opens, and with very short stamens and style. Stigma 

 capitate, somewhat 2-lobed. Capsule 2-valved at apex. Per. 



1. E. Virginiana. 



Beechdrops. 



Stem leafless, branching, angular, purplish-brown; branches slender, vir- 

 gate; flowers alternate, remote, extending the whole length of the branches; 

 corolla of the upper flowers of a whitish color mingled with purple, 4-toothed; 

 upper lip broader than the lower one, emarginate; root a round, scaly ball, 

 covered with short, stiff, projecting fibres. A parasitic plant, attaching itself to 

 the roots of the Beech and other trees. Stem 8' 12' high, furnished with a few 

 scales instead of leaves. Woods. Aug. Sept. 



2. APHYLLON. 



Flowers perfect, solitary, bractless. Calyx 5-cleft, regular. 

 Corolla subbilabiate, with a long, curved tube, and a spreading 

 border ; upper lip 2-cleft ; lower lip 3-cleft ; stamens included. 

 Stigma 2-cleft. Capsule ovoid, acute, 2-valved, many-seeded. 

 Per. 



1. A. uniflorum. One-flowered Broomrape. 



Scapes 1-flowered, naked, often clustered ; flowers yellowish-white, tinged 

 and bordered with purple, with 2 tufts of yellow down in the throat A hairy, 

 leafless plant, with a short, often subterranean stem, sending up one or more 

 terete, simple scapes, 3' 6' high. Woods and thickets. Common. May 

 June. 



ORDER LXXVI. Bignoniacese. Catalpa- 

 f amity. 



1. TSCOMA. 



Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-form, dilated 

 at the throat, with a 5-lobed limb, somewhat bilabiate. Stamens 

 4, didynamous. Capsule long and narrow, 2-celled, 2-valved. 

 Seeds winged. Climbing shrubs. 



1. T. radicans. Trumpet Creeper. 



Stem woody, climbing by means of rootlets ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5 11, 

 ovate, acuminate, dentate, somewhat puberulent beneath ; flowers corymbed 

 corolla large, 2' 8' long, orange and scarlet, very showy ; stamens included. A 

 splendid climber, native in Penn. and southward; ofteacultivatcd. July Aug. 



2. CATALPA. 



Calyx 2-lipped. Corolla campanulate ; tube inflated ; limb 

 irregular, undulate, 4 5-cleft. Stamens 5, 2 only usually have 

 anthers. Stigma 2-lipped. Capsule long and slender, 2-celled. 



1. C. bignonioides. 



Catalpa. 



Leaves cordate, or ovate-cordate, acuminate, entire, opposite, or in threes, 

 petiolate, downy beneath ; flowers in compound panicles, white, tinged and 

 spotted with purple and yellow, large and showy; calyx teeth inncronate ; cap- 

 sule cylindric, jj^ndent, 6' 12' long. A noble tree, common in cultivation. 

 June July. 



ORDER LXXVIII. Scrophulariaceae. 

 Fig wort-family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 



SUBORDER I. Antirrhinidese. 



Upper lip, or upper lobes of the corolla inclosing the lobes cf the lower lip 

 in the Dud. 



* Upper leaves alternate. 



1. VERBASCUM. Corolla nearly regular, with 5 slightly unequal segments. 

 Stamens 5, perfect. 



2. LINARIA. Corolla personate ; tube inflated, spurred behind. 



8. ANTIRRHINUM. Corolla personate ; tube gibbous, not spurred behind. 



* * Leaves all opposite. 



4. SCROPIUJLAKIA. Corolla tube subglobose ; limb bilabiate. Upper lip with 

 4 erect lobes ; lower lips spreading. 



5. CHEL6NE. Corolla tubular, inflated, bilabiate. Anthers woolly. Seeds 

 winged. 



6. MiMULirs. Corolla ringent Lower lip with a prominent palate. Fertile 

 stamens 4. 



7. GRATIOLA. Corolla bilabiate. Fertile stamens 2. Sterile filaments 2, 

 simple included, sometimes wanting. 



8. ILYSANTHES. Corolla bilabiate. Fertile stamens 2. Sterile filaments 2, 

 forked, inserted in the throat of the corolla. 



SUBORDER II. Rhinanthideae. 



Lower lip, or lower lobes of the corolla covering the upper ones in the bud. 



* Corolla iv i tli spreading^ nearly equal lobes. 



9. DIGITALIS. Corolla tubnlar-campanulate, ventricose. Leaves alternate. 



10. VER6NICA. Corolla 4-parted. Stamens 2. 



11. GERARDIA. Corolla tubular, swelling above, with 5 more or less unequal 



lobes. Stamens 4. 



** Corolla bilabiate. 



12. CASTILLEJA. Flowers inclosed in colored bracts. Lower lip of the co- 

 rolla very short 



13. PEDICULARIS. Flowers in dense spikes. Calyx tubular, 2 5-toothed. 

 Lower lip of the corolla spreading. 



14. MELAMPYRUM. Calyx companulate, with 4 mucronate teeth. Uppei 

 lip of the corolla shorter than the lower lip. 



1. VERBASCUM. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate, with 5 nearly equal lobes. 

 Stamens 5, all perfect, declinate. Capsule globose or ovoid, many- 

 seeded. An. 



1. V. Thapsus. Mullein. 



Plant densely woolly throughout ; stem tall, rigidly erect, usually simple; 

 leaves decurrent, oblong, acute ; flowers yellow, in a long, dense, terminal, 

 cylindrical spike; two lower stamens usually beardless. A very conspicuous 

 plant, 47 ft high, found every where in neglected fields, and along road-sides 

 Introduced. June Aug. 



