ORDER LXXVIII. SCROPHULAKIACE.E FIGWORT-FAMILY. 



179 



2. V. Blattaria. 



Moth Mullein. 



Stem simple or branching ibove, leafy, erect; leaves smooth, clasping, ob 

 long, coarsely serrate, the lower petiolate ; flowers pedicellate, in a long, leafy 

 raceme, yellow or white, usually tinged with purple ; stamens unequal, with 

 purple, woolly filaments. A much slenderer plant than the last, smooth and 

 green throughout, with larger and handsomer flowers. Stem 2 3 ft. high. 

 Road-sides ; common in some districts. Introduced. June July. 



2. LINlRIA. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla personate; upper lip bifid, reflexed; 

 lower lip 3-cleft; palate prominent, nearly closing the throat; 

 tube inflated and spurred. Stamens 4. Capsule opening at the 

 summit, by 1 2 pores. 



1. L. vulgaris. 



Toad-flax Snapdragon. 



Smooth and glaucous ; stem erect, with short, leafy branches; leaves alter- 

 nate, crowded, linear-lanceolate; flowers yellow, in dense, terminal spikes; 

 bracts longer than the short pedicels ; corolla with a long spur, the throat com- 

 pletely closed by the orange colored palate. Common along road-sides. July 

 Aug. Per. 



2. L. Canadensis. Canadian Snapdragon. 



Smooth ; stem slender, erect, nearly simple ; leaves linear, erect, smooth, 

 scattered, obtuse ; flowers small, blue, in an elongated, slender, terminal raceme, 

 on short pedicels ; spur filiform, curved, as long as the corolla. A more slender 

 plant than the last, common along road-sides and in sandy soils. The stem is 

 6' 15' high, and often has procumbent or ascending shoots at base, with small, 

 remote, chiefly '.irx>site leaves. June. Oct. An. 



8. ANTIRRHINUM. 



Calyx f sepaled. Corolla gibbous at base ; upper lip bifid, 

 reflexed ; lower lip trifid, closed by the prominent palate. Cap- 

 sule without valves, opening by 3 pores. Per. 



1. A. majus. 



Snapdragon. 



Stem erect; leaves lanceolate, opposite; upper ones alternate; flowers in 

 terminal racemes, pink, with the lip white, and the mouth yellow ; sepals lan- 

 ceolate, acute, covered with glandular hairs. There are varieties with scarlet 

 and with double flowers. Gardens. Aug July. Per. 



4. SCROPHULlRIA. 



Calyx-segments 5, acute. Corolla-tube subglobose ; limb con- 

 tracted, somewhat 2-lipped ; upper lip with 4 erect lobes ; lower 

 lip spreading. Stamens 4, declinate. A 5th stamen is also pre- 

 sent in the form of a scale on the inside of the corolla-tube, at the 

 summit. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded. Per. 



1. S. nodosa. Figwort. 



Smooth ; stem tall, angular, branching ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, the 

 upper ones varying to lanceolate, all acute, dentate or serrate, petiolate, mostly 

 cordate or rounded at base ; flowers of a dull purple, in loose cymes, which 

 are arranged in a long, narrow, terminal, leafless panicle, with opposite branches; 

 calyx-teeth broad, obtuse, somewhat margined. A rank, tall plant 4 6 ft. 

 high, growing in low grounds and thickets. Not common in N. England, but 

 abundant Westward and Southward. July. 



5. CHEL6NE. 



Calyx-sepals distinct, with 3 bracts at base. Corolla tubular, 

 inflated, 2-lipped; upper lip arched, emarginate; lower lip 

 bearded at the throat, 3-lobed. Stamens with woolly filaments 

 and woolly, cordate anthers ; 5th filament sterile and smaller than 

 the others. Seeds with broad, membranous margins. Per. 



1. C. glabra. 



Snake-head. 



Smooth; stem erect, simple or branching; leaves opposite, lanceolate, acu- 

 minate, serrate, on very short petioles ; flowers large, white, varying to rose- 

 color, in dense, short spikes ; corolla with an open throat and contracted mouth ; 

 style long, exsert. A common plant, 2 3 ft. high, growing in wet grounds, dis- 

 tinguished by the flowers, which have some resemblance to the open mouth of 

 a snake. July Sep. 



6. MiMULUS. 



Calyx prismatic, 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, ringent ; tipper 

 lip erect, and reflexed at the sides, 2-lobed ; lower lip with a 

 prominent palate, 3-lobed. Stamens 4. Stigma thick, 2-lipped. 

 Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded. Per. 



1. M. ringens. 



Monkey-flower. 



Smooth ; stem erect, square, branching ; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate or 

 lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, more or less clasping at base ; flowers large, on 

 solitary, axillary, square peduncles, longer than themselves, and curved up- 

 wards ; corolla pale-blue, with a yellow throat. A handsome plant, 12 ft. 

 high, common in wet places. July Aug. 



1 GRATiOLA. 



Calyx-segments, nearly equal. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip 

 entire or 2-cleft ; lower lip without a prominent palate, 3-cleft. 

 Fertile stamens 2, included usually with an anterior pair of sterile 

 filaments. Style dilated or 2-lipped at apex Capsule 2-celled, 4- 

 valved, many-seeded. 



1. Gr. Virginiana. Virginian Hedge Hyssop. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem low, erect, simple or branching ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, opposite, slightly serrate, tapering at base; 

 flowers small, on axillary peduncles, longer than the leaves ; corolla whitish, 

 generally with a pale yellow tube, twice longer than the calyx ; sterile filaments 

 none. A low plant 3' 8' high, common in muddy grounds. July Aug. Per. 



2. Gr. aurea. Golden Hedge Hyssop. 



Smooth ; stem decumbent at base, erect above, square, simple, or with as- 

 cending branches; leaves oblong-lanceolate, nearly entire, few-nerved, opposite, 

 sessile; flowers solitary, on axillary peduncles scarcely equalling the leaves; 

 larger than in the last, golden yellow ; sterile filaments 2, minute. A handsome 

 plant, 3' 8' high, common on the borders of ponds. Aug Sep. Per. 



8. ILYSANTHES. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 2-lipped ; upper lip short, erect, 2- 

 cleft ; lower large, spreading, 3-cleft Fertile stamens, 2, in- 

 cluded, posterior. Sterile stamens 2, anterior, forked, mostly 

 without anthers, with one of the divisions glandular and obtuse, 

 and the other short and smooth, acute. Style 2-lipped at apex. 

 Capsule many-seeded. 



1. I. gratioloides. False Pimpernel. 



Smooth ; stem ascending, branching, low ; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate or 

 oblong, sparingly serrate, more or less obtuse, the lower ones sometimes obo- 

 vate and tapering at base ; flowers small, pale-blue, solitary, on axillary, bract- 

 less peduncles ; corolla erect, twice longer than the calyx. A low plant, 2' 4' 

 high, common in wet and muddy grounds. July Aug. Per, 



9. DIGITALIS, 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla campanulate, ventricose. Limb of 

 5 nearly equal lobes. Capsule ovate, 2-celled, 2-valved, with a 

 double dissepiment. 



1. D. purpurea. 



Foxglove. 



Stem erect; leaves oblong, rugose, downy, crenate, lower ones crowded, pe- 

 tiolate; flowers large, crimson, beautifully spotted within, In along showy, 1- 

 sided raceme ; calyx-segments ovate-oblong ; corolla obtuse, upper lip entire- 

 A tall, showy biennial, common in gardens. July. 



10. VER6NICA. 



Calyx 4-parted. Corolla rotate or tubular, deeply 4-cleft ; 

 lower segments usually narrower than the rest. Stamens 2, ex- 

 sert, one on each side of the upper lobe of the corolla. Style 

 entire. Stigma single. Capsule compressed, 2-furrowed, often 

 emarginate at apex, 2-celled, few to many-seeded. 



* Tall plants, with verticillate leaves ami tubular corollas. 



1. V. Virgtnica. Culver's Physic. 



Mostly smooth ; stem erect, simple, straight, tall ; leaves lanceolate, petio- 

 ate, acute, or acuminate, finely serrate, in whorls of 4 7, glaucous beneath ; 

 flowers white, in dense, terminal and subterminal, panicled spikes ; corolla tu- 

 bular, pubescent within ; stamens and style much exsert, twice as long as tho 

 corolla; capsule not emarginate. A tall, elegant plant, 2 6 ft. high, not uncom- 

 mon in rich, low grounds, frequent in cultivation. July. Per. 



* * Leaves opposite. Corolla nearly or quite rotate. 



2. V. Americana. Brooldime. 



Smooth and rather fleshy ; stem decumbent at base, and then erect ; leaves 

 mostly petiolate, ovate, or oblong, serrate, more or less acute, abrupt, or some- 

 what cordate at base ; flowers small, in opposite, loose racemes, on slender, 



