180 



ORDER LXXIX. VERBENAOE.E VERVAIN-FAMILY. 



spreading pedicels twice longer than the bracts ; corolla pale blue, marked with 

 brownish lines ; capsule turgid, emarginate. A low, fleshy plant, 6' 12' high, 

 not uncommon in wet grounds. June Aug. Per. 



3. V. scutellata. 



Marsh Speedwell. 



Smooth ; stem ascending, weak ; leaves linear, sessile, acute, remotely den- 

 ticulate ; racemes axillary, very loose and slender, with a few remote, scattered 

 flowers, on filiform, divaricate pedicels, very much longer than the bracts ; co- 

 rolla rather large, pale flesh-color, with purple lines; capsule flat, very broad 

 for its length, emarginate. A slender species, 6' 12' high, common in swamps. 

 June Aug. Per. 



4. V. serpyllifolia. Common Speedwell. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem low, prostrate, much branched at base, with 

 ascending, simple branches; leaves ovate or oblong, somewhat crenate, obtuse; 

 lowest roundish, petiolate : upper sessile, passing into lanceolate, entire bracts ; 

 flowers in loose, bracted, terminal racemes, elongated in fruit; corolla blue 

 and white, marked with purple lines, scarcely longer than the calyx ; capsule 

 broader than long, obtusely emarginate. A pretty little plant, 2' 6' high, very 

 common in grassy fields and pastures. May Sep. An. 



5. V. peregrina. 



Purslane Speedwell. 



Nearly smooth ; stem ascending, branched ; lowest leaves petiolate, oval- 

 oblong, dentate, obtuse ; upper sessile, oblong, obtuse ; uppermost oblong-linear, 

 entire, longer than the subsessile, solitary, axillary flowers; corolla whitish ; cap- 

 sule orbicular, slightly emarginate. A weed, 4' 10' high, common in culti- 

 vated grounds. May June. An. 



6. V. arvensis. Field Speedwell. 



Pubescent ; stem erect, simple, or diffusely branched ; leaves ovate, crenate, 

 cordate at base ; lower petiolate ; upper ones mostly alternate, sessile, lanceo- 

 late ; flowers solitary, axillary, on pedicels shorter than the calyx, blue, marked 

 with purple lines ; capsule obcordate, with rounded lobes. A low, pale-green, 

 hairy plant, 3' 8' high, common in dry fields. May June. An. 



11. GEKlKDIA. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubular, swelling above, "with 5, 

 spreading, more or less unequal lobes ; 2 upper ones usually the 

 smallest. Stamens 4, included, hairy. Style elongated. Capsule 

 ovate, acuminate, many-seeded. 



* Flowers purple or rose-color. Leaves linear. An. 



1. GK purpi\rea. 



Purple Gerardia. 



Smooth ; stem erect, angular, with long spreading branches ; leres linear, 

 acute, rough on the margin ; flowers axillary, solitary, subsessile ; peduncles 

 shorter than the calyx; calyx-teeth subulate; corolla bright purple, showy, 

 smooth or slightly downy. A slender, very handsome plant, 8' 20' high, com- 

 mon in wet grassy grounds. Aug. 



2. Gr. maritima. Sea Gerardia. 



Smooth and somewhat fleshy; stem low, angular, branched from the base; 

 leaves linear, short, fleshy, mostly obtuse; peduncles as long as the calyx; flow- 

 ers half the size of the last; calyx-teeth short, truncate ; corolla purple. A 

 smoother species than the last, which it much resembles, distinguished by the 

 thick, fleshy leaves and truncate calyx-teeth. Stem 3' 6' high. Salt marshes. 



July Sep.. 



3. Gr. tenuifdlia. 



Slender Gerardia. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem very slender, very branching, diffuse ; leaves 

 linear, very narrow, entire, obtuse ; flowers rather small, axillary, often opposite ; 

 peduncles filiform, nearly as long as the leaves; calyx-teeth short, acute ; co- 

 rolla pale purple, with a spreading, subequal border. A delicate and elegant 

 species, usually very branching, but sometimes simple. Stem 6' 15' high, 

 Common in dry, rocky woods. Aug. Sep. 



* Corolla yellow. Leaves troad, entire, or variously loled and toothed. 

 Per. 



4. Gr. flava. Yellow Gerardia. 



Pubescent; stem erect, simple, or branching towards the summit; leaves 

 opposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, entire, obtuse; lower ones usually 

 sinuately toothed; flowers large, opposite, axillary, on very short peduncles; 

 calyx-segments oblong, obtuse, shorter than the tube. A tall, very showy 

 plant, 23 ft. high. Common in dry woods. The flowers are 1' 1J' long. 



Aug. 



5. Gr. quercifolia. 



Oak-leaved Gerardia. 



Smooth and glaucous ; stem tall, simple or somewhat branching ; leaves 



mostly opposite ; lower ones twice pinnatifld ; upper oblong-lanceoiate, pinna 

 tifld or entire; flowers pedunculate, axillary, opposite, of a brilliant yellow, 

 large and showy ; peduncles nearly as long as the calyx ; segments (if the calyj 

 linear-lanceolate, equalling the tube. A showy plant, much resembling the last 

 4 6 ft. high. Common in rich woods. Aug. 



6. Gr. pedicularia. 



Bushy Gerardia. 



Pubescent or somewhat smooth ; stem erect, very branching ; branches op- 

 posite ; leaves opposite, ovate, pinnatifid ; the lobes variously cut and toothed 

 petioles short, hairy ; flowers large, yellow, often opposite, axillary, on pediceli 

 longer than the calyx; segments of the calyx usually toothed, as long as the 

 hairy tube; corolla 1' long, with rounded, spreading segments. A bushy, but 

 truly splendid species, 3 4 ft. high. Common in dry woods and thickets. 

 Aug. 



12. CASTILLEJA. 



Calyx tubular, flattened, 2 4-cleft, included in more or lesf 

 colored bracts. Corolla-tube included in the calyx ; upper li{ 

 long and narrow, arched, compressed, inclosing the stamens 

 lower lip short, 3-lobed, Stamens 4. Anthers oblong-linear, 2 

 lobed, with unequal lobes ; the exterior lobe fixed by the middle 

 the interior pendulous. Capsule many-seeded. Per. 



1. C. coccinea. Painted Cup. 



Pubescent; stem erect, angular, simple ; leaves alternate, sessile, pinnatifid, 

 with linear and divaricate segments; radical ones clustered at base ; bracts 8- 

 cleft, colored with bright scarlet at apex, rarely yellow, longer than the co- 

 rolla; flowers subsessile, in short, dense, terminal spikes; calyx and corolla 

 greenish-yellow, the former tinged with scarlet at tip. A beautiful and remark- 

 able plant, distinguished by its dense spikes of inconspicuous flowers, concealed 

 in brilliant scarlet bracts. Stem 10' 20' high. Not uncommon in meadows. 

 May June. 



13. PEDICULlEIS. 



Calyx campanulate or tubular, 2 5-cleft ; the segments leafy, 

 or sometimes obliquely truncate. Corolla strongly bilabiate ; up- 

 per lip arched, compressed, emarginate ; lower lip spreading, 3- 

 lobed. Stamens 4, included in the upper lip. Capsule oblique, 

 mucronate. Per. 



1. P. Canadensis. 



Louscivort. 



Pubescent ; stems low, erect, simple, clustered; leaves petiolate, alternate; 

 lowest pinnately dissected ; the rest subpinnatifid; lobes oblong-ovate, crenately 

 toothed ; flowers in short, dense, hairy, terminal heads ; calyx 2-toothed, or 

 truncated, in an oblique, downward direction ; corolla greenish-yellow, or dull 

 red; upper lip vaulted, forming a helmet or galea, terminating in 2 setaceous 

 teeth, turned downwards ; capsule compressed, long-acuminate. A low, hairy 

 plant, 6' 15' high. Common in fields and pastures. May July. 



14. MELAMPYKUM. 



Calyx companulate, 4-cleft; the lobes with long, bristly 

 points. Corolla-tube cylindrical, larger above ; upper lip arch- 

 ing, compressed, somewhat shorter than the nearly erect, 3-lobed 

 lower lip. Stamens 4, included in the upper lip. Capsule usually 

 4-seeded, oblique, compressed. An. 



1. M. pratense. 



Cow-wheat. 



Smooth; stem erect, branching; leaves opposite, lanceolate, or linear, petio- 

 late ; upper ones larger, with a few long, setaceous teeth, tapering to an obtuse 

 point at the extremity ; flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, re- 

 mote ; calyx smooth ; corolla yellowish, twice the length of the calyx. A slen- 

 der annual, 6' 10' high, common In dry and open woods. July Aug. 



OKDER LXXIX. Verbenacese. Vervain- 

 family. 



I. VERBENA. 



Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, often with 1 tooth shorter than the 

 rest. Corolla funnel-form, sometimes curved; limb with 5 

 slightly unequal lobes. Stamens 4, rarely 2, included. Styla 

 slender. Stigma capitate. Fruit splitting into 4 achenia. 



1. Y. hastata. 



Blue Vervain. 



Stem tall, erect, with a few opposite branches above ; leaves lanceolate, 

 sharply serrate, scabrous, petiolate ; the lower ones often lobed or hastate; 

 flowers sessile, in dense, slender, erect spikes, usually arranged in terminal 



