184 



ORDER LXXXI. BORAGINACE^E BORAGE-FAMILY. 



upper teeth often larger, and more or less united. Corolla bilabi- 

 ate ; upper lip erect, spreading or arched, entire or nearly so ; 

 lower lip spreading, usually longer than the other, 3-lobed ; mid- 

 dle lobe nearly entire. Stamens 4, ascending beneath the lower 

 lip. Anthers approximate in pairs. Per. 



1. S. aspera. Hedge Nettle. Woundwort. 



Stem erect, nearly simple, clothed with stiff, deflexed bristles, especially on 

 the angles ; leaves ovate-lanceolate 01 oblong-lanceolate, acute, serrate, bristly, 

 especially on the mid-rib and veins, rounded at base, on short petioles ; flowers 

 about 6 in a whorl, arranged in spikes ; calyx with bristly, at length, spinescent 

 teeth ; corolla pale purple. A coarse, rough plant, 13 ft. high, not uncommon 

 in swamps and meadows. July. 



22. MARRtBIUM. 

 Calyx tubular, 5 10-ribbed, with 5 10 nearly equal teeth, 

 at length more or less spiny, and spreading at maturity. Corolla 

 bilabiate ; upper lip erect, flattish, emarginate ; lower lip spread- 

 ing, 3-cleft. Stamens 4, included in the corolla-tube. Per. 



1. M. vulgare. 



Hoarhound. 



Stem ascending, white-downy; leaves roundish-ovate, crenately toothed, 

 petiolate, white-downy beneath ; flowers in dense, hairy, axillary whorls ; calyx- 

 teeth 10, recurved ; alternate ones shorter ; corolla small, white. A bitter aro 

 matic herb, rather frequent in waste grounds. Introduced. Stem 1 2 ft. high. 



23. TRICHOSTEMA. 

 Calyx campanulate, oblique, deeply and unequally 5-toothed ; 

 upper lip (which at length appears to be the lower lip by the 

 twisting of the pedicel) with 3 nearly equal teeth, twice as long 

 as the 2 very short teeth of the other lip. Corolla with a very 

 short tube, unequally 5-lobed ; lobes oblong, declined ; the 3 lower 

 more or less united and forming a lower lip. Stamens 4, much 

 exsert, declinate near the base, and then curved upwards in a 

 circle. An. 



1. T. dichotoma. 



Blue Curls. 



Stem erect, dichotomously branching, hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, or 

 rhombic-lanceolate, sometimes linear-lanceolate, tapering at base, obtuse, en- 

 tire, hairy ; flowers axillary and terminal, on slender, 1-flowered pedicels, be- 

 coming inverted by the twisting of their stalks; corolla small, bright blue ; sta- 

 mens very long, much exsert, bright blue, very conspicuous, curving from the 

 lower lip to the upper. A bushy, hairy plant, of a grayish appearance, 6' 8' 

 high. Common in dry pastures and sandy fields. Aug. 

 24. TEtCRIUM. 



Calyx subcampanulate, subequally 5-toothed. Corolla 5- 

 lobed ; 4 upper lobes nearly equal, oblong, declined ; lower lip 

 roundish, larger. Stamens 4, exserted from the cleft between the 

 2 upper lobes of the corolla. Per. 



1. T. Canadense. Wild Germander. 



Downy ; stem simple or branching, erect ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate, 

 rounded at base, on short petioles, white-downy beneath ; floral leaves scarcely 

 longer than the calyx ; flowers about 6 in a whorl, crowded into long, virgate 

 spikes ; corolla light purple, apparently destitute of any upper lip, on account 

 of the declinate upper lobes. Stem 13 ft high. Not uncommon in low 

 grounds, especially near the sea-coast. July. 



OHDEK LXXXI. Boraginacese. Borage- 

 family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENEKA. 



* Achenia armed* with hooked prickles. 



7. ECHINOSPERMUM. Corolla salver-form, closed at the throat by 5 concave 

 scales. Flowers bine. 



8. CYNOGL6S80M. Corolla funnel-form, closed at the throat by 5 convex 

 scales. 



* * Aclii-nia not prickly, excavated at base. 



1. BORAGO. Corolla rotate. 



2. SYMMIYTUM. Corolla tubular- campanulate, closed at the throat by 5 sub- 

 ulate scales. 



* * * Achenia neither prickly nor excavated at base* 



3. LiTiiospfiRMUM. Corolla funnel-form, nearly salver-form, open at the 

 throat, with a short tube scarcely exceeding the calyx. 



4. MERTENSIA. Corolla funnel-form, naked in the throat, with 5 fokls alter- 

 nating with the stamens; tube much longer than the short calvx. 



5. PULMONARIA. Corolla funnel-form, open at the throat, with 5 hairy lin< 

 alternating with the stamens; tube equalling the calyx. 



6. MYOsdns. Corolla salver-form, with a tube equalling the calyx, closed 

 at the throat by 5 concave scales. 



1. BOEAGO. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft ; segments acute ; tube 

 with a crown at throat. Filaments converging. Achenia round- 

 ed, with a perforation at base, inserted lengthwise into the ex- 

 cavated receptacle. An. 



1. B. officinalis. 



Borage, 



Rough with scattered bristles; stem %rect, branching; leaves ovate; lower 

 with short petioles ; upper sessile ; flowers large, in nodding, terminal racemes, 

 sky-blue ; calyx spreading. A rough exotic, 2 ft. high. Common in gardens. 

 June Sep. t 



2. SYMPIIYTUM. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubular-cam jianulate, inflated above, 

 5-parted ; segments short, spreading ; orifice of the tube closed 

 by 5, converging, subulate scales. Stamens included in the co- 

 rolla. Style filiform. Acheiiia smooth, ovate, perforated at base. 

 Per. 



1. S. officinale. Comfrey. 



Hairy ; stem erect, branching above; lower leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceo- 

 late; upper ones decurrent, lanceolate; flowers in terminal, 1-sided, nodding 

 racemes ; corolla yellowish white, occasionally pink or red ; sepals lanceolate, 

 acuminate. A tall, coarse plant, 35 ft. high, cultivated for its mucilaginous 

 root Sometimes naturalized in low grounds and road-sides. June Aug. 



8. LITHOSPERMUM. 



Calyx 5-parted, persistent Corolla funnel-form, rarely salver- 

 form ; limb 5-lobed ; throat open at the orifice, mostly with 5 

 small folds or projections. Stamens included in the corolla. An- 

 thers oblong, almost sessile. Stigma obtuse, hispid. Achenia 

 smooth or rugose, attached to the receptacle by a truncate base. 



1. L. arvense. 



Gromwell. 



Pilose ; stem erect, slender, with a few branches ; leaves lanceolate, or linear- 

 lanceolate, sessile, entire, nearly veinless, obtuse or acutish ; flowers axillary, in 

 nodding racemes, which become erect and elongated as they bloom ; lower 

 flowers remote ; calyx nearly or quite equal to the white corolla. A rough 

 plant, with a thick reddish root. Common in dry grounds. Stem 6' 12' high. 

 June July. An. 



4. MEETEXSIA. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla-tube cylindric, expanding towards 

 the top, much longer than the calyx, naked, or with 5 folds or 

 ridges in the open throat; limb 5-lobed. Stamens inserted at the 

 top of the tube. Style long, filiform. Achenia smooth or some- 

 what wrinkled. Per. 



1. M. Virginica. 



Virginian Lungwort. 



Smooth; stem erect, simple ; radical leaves obovate ; cauline leaves ovate ; 

 uppermost lanceolate, all entire, pale green, somewhat glaucous ; flowers large, 

 handsome, in terminal racemes, destitute of bracts, except 12 leaves at base ; 

 corolla of a brilliant purplish blue, rarely white ; limb longer than the tube ; 

 stamens and style included. An elegant plant with handsome foliage, distin- 

 guished by its very large radical leaves. Native in rich woods in W. N. York. 

 ,nd thence westward. Sometimes cultivated. Stem 10' 20' high. May. 



5. PULMONlEIA. 



Calyx prismatic, 5-angled, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-form, 

 with a cylindric tube; orifice with 5 hairy lines, alternating with 

 the stamens. 



1. P. officinalis. 



Lungwort. 



Rough ; stem erect, simple ; radical leaves ovate-cordate ; cauline ovate, 

 sessile; flowers blue, in terminal racemes; calyx as long as the corolla-tube. 

 A rough exotic, about a foot high, frequent in gardens. May, Per. 



6. MYOS6TIS. 



Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla salver-form ; tube about as long as the 

 alyx ; limb 5-lobed ; lobes slightly emarginate ; throat with 5 

 thort, concave scales. Achenia ovate, smooth, flattened, attached 

 af base by a minute scar. 



