188 ORDER LXXXVHI. APOCYNACE.E DOGBANE-FAM. ORDER JLXXXIX. ASCLEPIADACE^E MILKWEED-FAM. 



8. LIMNANTHEMUM. Corolla somewhat campanulate with 5 segments. 

 Flowers umbelled. Aquatics, with simple leaves. 



4. MENVANTHES. Corolla funnel-form, hairy within. Flowers racemed. 

 Loaves trifoliate. 



1. GENTIANA. 



Calyx 4 5 cleft. Corolla marcescent, regular, tubular at 

 base ; limb 4 5-cleft, usually with plaited folds between the erect 

 or converging segments. Stamens 4 5, inserted on the corolla- 

 tube. Style short, or none. Stigmas 2, persistent Capsule 1- 

 celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. 



1. Gr. crinita. 



Fringed Gentian. 



Stem round, erect, branching ; branches spreading at base, and then per- 

 fectly straight and erect ; leaves lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, sessile, cordate, 

 or rounded at base ; flowers of a rich blue, solitary, showy, terminating the 

 branches ; calyx 4-angled, 4-parted, segments acuminate, as long as the co- 

 rolla-tube ; corolla campannlate at base, open at summit, expanding when the 

 sun shines; segments obovate, beautifully fringed on the margin. A very deli- 

 cate and interesting plant, with superb flowers, 1' 2' long, not uncommon in 

 low, grassy meadows. Stem 10' 15', often turning purple. Oct. 



2. Gr. Andrewsii. 



Soap-wort Gentian. 



Smooth; stem erect, simple ; leaves lanceolate or oval -lanceolate, acute or 

 narrowed at base, 3-veined, rough on the margin ; flowers large, purplish-blue, 

 in sessile, terminal heads, sometimes solitary in the upper axils ; corolla in- 

 flated, club-shaped, closed at top, about 10-cleft, inner teeth folded and fringed, 

 equalling the exterior. A common species, distinct from the last in its whole 

 appearance. Stem 1 2 ft. high. The flowers resemble large buds, and often 

 deceive those unacquainted with the plant. Sep. Oct. Per. 



2. BART6NIA. 



Calyx 4-parted. Corolla subcampanulate, deeply 4-cleft ; seg- 

 ments but slightly united, erect. Stamens short. Stigma large, 

 persistent, at length 2-lobed. Capsule oblong, 1-celled, 2-valved, 

 clothed with the persistent calyx and corolla. 



1. B. tenella. 



Screw-stem. 



Stem slender, erect, square, branching above, apparently leafless ; leaves 

 minute, scale-like, subulate, mostly opposite ; flowers small, yellowish-white, 

 1 8 on the opposite, sometimes alternate branches : pedicels bracted at base . 

 style none. A slender, branching plant, of a yellowish-white color, appearing 

 leafless. Damp grounds. Stem 3' 8' high. Aug. An. 



3. LIMNA.NTHEMUM. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla between campanulate and rotate ; 

 tube short ; limb 5-lobed ; lobes deciduous, fringed merely at the 

 base or margin, furnished with glandular appendages, alternating 

 with the 5 stamens. Style short, or none. Stigma 2-lobed, per- 

 sistent. Capsule 1-celled, valveless. 



1. L. lacunosum. Lake-flower. 



Floating; stem filiform, bearing at top a single leaf, an umbel of flowers, and 

 a tuft of short radicles, which sometimes take the place of stolons, shooting out 

 leaves, which form a distinct plant; leaves reniform, floating at top, somewhat 

 peltate, rough above, spongy and paler beneath ; flowers 5 6, in an umbel 

 beneath the water, opening one at a time just above the surface ; corolla white : 

 lobes oval, smooth, except the yellowish gland at base, twice as long as the 

 lanceolate divisions of the calyx. A curious aquatic, with stems varying with 

 the depth of the water, 13 ft long. Each stem is furnished with a single 

 leaf, 1' 8' long, on a petiole varying with the depth. July. Per. 



4 MENYANTHES. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-form, 5-parted, deciduous, 

 covered within with a white beard. Stamens 5. Styles dender, 

 persistent. Stigma 2-lobed, capitate, 1-celled. 



1. M. trifoliata. 



Buck Bean. 



Scape round, erect; leaves radical, trifoliate, on long petioles, with sheathing, 

 membraneous bases; leaflets oval, varying to obovate, entire, sessile ; flowers 

 in long, terminal, naked racemes; pedicels thick, bracted at base ; corolla white 

 or flesh-colored, clothed within with long, soft hairs ; segments acute, 3 times 

 as long as the obtuse sepals. A handsome plant about a foot high, common In 

 N. Eng. and N. York, especially in the Northern parts, in bogs and swamps, 

 where its large, black roots penetrate deep Into the soft earth. May. Per. 



ORDER LXXXVIIL Apocynacese. Dog- 

 bane-family. 



1. APOCYNUM. 



Calyx very small, 5-parted. Corolla campanulate, with 5 

 short lobes. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the corolla, al- 

 ternating with 5 glandular appendages on its throat. Anthera 

 sagittate, converging; much longer than the very short filaments. 

 Stigma ovoid, obscurely 2-lobed, slightly adherent to the anthers. 

 Fruit composed of 2 long, slender, distinct follicles. 



1. A. androsaemifolium. 



Dog's-bane. 



Smooth ; stem erect, branching above, reddened by the sun on one side, with 

 diverging, forked branches ; leaves ovate, entire, dark-green above, paler, and 

 sometimes hoary beneath, rounded at base, tapering at apex, distinctly petio- 

 late ; flowers in loose, terminal anil axillary cymes ; pedicels as long as the 

 flowers; corolla white, striped with rose-color, with 5 acute, revolute seg- 

 ments ; tube much longer than the ovate, acuminate calyx-teeth ; follicles 2' 

 3' long, nodding. A very handsome plant, 28 ft. high. Common in thick- 

 ets and the borders of woods. June July. Per. 



2. A. cannabinum. 



Indian Hemp. 



Stem erect, dividing above into long, slender, upright, or ascending branches ; 

 leaves oblong, or oblong-lanceolate ; smooth in one variety ; varying to 

 ovate, more or less downy on the under side, or both sides in another variety ; 

 sometimes cordate at base, on very short petioles, generally smooth ; flowers 

 very small, greenish-white, in dense, erect, many-flowered cymes, shorter than 

 the leaves, and terminating the branches; corolla-lobes nearly erect, the tube 

 scarcely longer than the lanceolate calyx-teeth. A very variable species, 2 3 

 ft high, in thickets and along river banks, distinguished by its very small 

 flowers and ascending branches. June July. 



2. VfNCA. 



Corolla salver-form, contorted ; limb 5-cleft ; lobes oblique ; 

 throat 5-angled. Ovary with 2 glands at base. Capsule follicu- 

 lar, erect, tapering to the extremity. 



1. V. minor. Small Periwinkle. 



Evergreen ; stems procumbent, shrubby, terete, smooth, leafy ; leaves 

 smooth and shining, elliptic-lanceolate ; flowers solitary, axillary, alternate, 

 pedunculate, violet ; sepals lanceolate. An evergreen shrub, not uncommon in 

 cultivation. May. 



3. NKIUM. 



Calyx with 5 teeth at base on the outside. Corolla salver- 

 form ; segments contorted ; throat with a crown, consisting of 5 

 incised leaflets. Filaments inserted into the middle of the co- 

 rolla-tube. Anthers sagittate, adhering to the stigma by the 

 middle. 



1. N. Oleander. 



Oleander. 



Evergreen, shrubby; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth, entire, coriaceous, on 

 short petioles, 8 together, prominently veined beneath ; flowers large, in ter- 

 minal clusters, rose-color ; crown of the corolla flat ; segments 3-toothed. A 

 splendid shrub, 4 6 ft.high, common In house cultivation. There are varieties 

 with white, variegated and double flowers. 



ORDER LXXXIX. Asclepiadacese. Milk 

 weed-family. 



1. ASCLEPIAS. 



Calyx 5-parted; lobes small, spreading. Corolla deeply 6 

 cleft; segments valvate in prefloration, reflexed when open, de 

 ciduous. Crown consisting of 5 hooded lobes, resting on the 

 united mass of the stamens, and furnished with an incurved, 

 horn-like process proceeding from the base of each. Filament* 

 united into a tube, inclosing the style. Anthers adhering to the 

 stigma, with 2 cells opening longitudinally, each containing pol- 

 len-masses. These masses are arranged in 5 pairs; the masses 

 of 2 adjacent anther-cells forming 1 pair, which hang by an at- 

 tenuated apex from 5 glands on the 5 angles of the stigma. Fol- 

 licles 2, often 1 by abortion, ovate or oblanceolate, more or les 



