ORDER CXXXII. LILIACKJE LILY-TRIBE. 



20T 



4, A. Cepa. 



Onion. 



Scape stout, hollow, swelling below the middle, glaucous ; leaves round, hol- 

 low, swelling below the middle, glaucous, shorter than the scape ; umbel glo- 

 bose, many-flowered ; flowers greenish-white. Universally cultivated for its 

 bulb, whose value as an esculent vegetable is well known. Scape 84 ft. high, 

 appearing the second year from the seed. July. 



5. A. sativum. Garlic. 



Bulb compound, consisting of several smaller ones united, and included in 

 one covering membrane ; stem leafy, bulbiferous ; leaves linear; flowers small, 

 white ; stamens 3-cleft A species sometimes cultivated for its acrid and strongly- 

 flavored bulbs, which are used as a seasoning. Scape 2 ft. high. July. 



6. A. porrum. Leek. 



Stem compressed, leafy ; leaves long, alternate, linear, sheathing at base ; 

 umbel large, many-flowered ; flowers small, white ; stamens 3-cleft. Often 

 cultivated. The root is a cylindrical, scaly bulb. Stem 2 ft. high. July. 



7. A. schoenoprasum. Give. 



Scape leafy only at base ; leaves round-subnlate, in dense tufts, equalling the 

 scape; umbels densely flowered ; flowers purplish. A small species, often cul- 

 tivated, and distinguished by its very slender leaves and scapes. June. 



8. ORNITH6GALUM. 



Perianth leafy, 6-parted ; segments spreading above the mid- 

 dle. Filaments 6, dilated at base. Stigma 3-angled. Capsule 

 roundish, angled. Seeds roundish. 



1. 0. umbellatum. Star of Bethlehem. 



Scape naked ; leaves narrow-linear, channelled, as long as the scape ; flowers 

 few, loosely corymbose, pedicellate, bracted ; sepals white, marked with a green 

 stripe on the outside. A low and rather pretty plant, often cultivated, and 

 sometimes naturalized in meadows along the coast. Scape 5' 8' high. May. 



9. HYAClNTHUS. 



Perianth varying from funnel-form to campanula te, subglobose ; 

 segments 6, similar. Stamens 6, inserted near the middle of the 

 segments. Ovary with 3 honey-bearing pores at summit. Cells 

 of the capsule 1 3-seeded. 



1. H. orientalis. Hyacinth. 



Scape naked ; leaves linear-lanceolate, half as long as the scape ; flowers in a 

 dense, terminal and somewhat thyrsoid raceme ; perianth funnel-form, cleft to 

 the middle, swelling at base. A splendid bulb, long cultivated and admired. 

 Scape 6' 12' high. Flowers usually purple, varying to pink, white, blue, and 

 all very fragrant April May. 



10. CONVALLARIA. 



Flowers racemed. Perianth campanulate, 6-parted ; segments 

 spreading, united at base. Stamens 6, at the base of the seg- 

 ments. Berry globose, 2-celled. 



1. C. majalis. Lily of the Valley. 



Scape smooth, naked, semi-oylindric; leaves usually 2, situated near the 

 base of the scape, ovate or elliptic-ovate ; flowers white, fragrant, in a simple, 

 loose, 1-sided raceme. A delicate, sweet-scented little plant, native of tho 

 South, and often cultivated in gardens. Scape 5' 6' high. May. 



11. CLINT6NIA. 



Flowers umbellate. Perianth campanulate. Sepals 6, dis- 

 tinct, deciduous. Stamens 6, inserted at the base. Style long, 

 filiform, columnar. Stigma semicircular, depressed. Ovary 2- 

 celled. Berry ovoid, several-seeded. 



1. S. bifolia. 



Two-leaved Solomorfs Seal. 



1. C. borealis. 



Wild Lily of the Valley. 



Khizoma slender, creeping ; scape naked, 2 1-leaved at base : leaves large, 

 oval or oblong, petiolate, smooth and shining, ciliate with scattered hairs ; flow- 

 ers few, rarely single, greenish-yellow, nodding, in a terminal umbel ; perianth 

 somewhat pubescent outside : berries blue. An elegant liliaceous plant, com- 

 mon in damp woods, especially in northern districts. Scape 8' 12' high ; leaves 



8' long. June. 



12. SMILAClNA. 



Perianth 4 6-parted, spreading, deciduous. Stamens 4 6, 

 inserted at the base of the segments. Ovaries 2 3-celled. Berry 

 globular, few-seeded, Rhizoma creeping. 



Nearly or quite smooth ; stem mostly 2-leaved ; leaves cordate, petiolate, or 

 sessile ; flowers very small, white, in a dense raceme ; perianth 4-parted ; sta- 

 mons 4 ; berry 2-celled, reddish, spotted. A delicate little plant, common in 

 moist woods. Stem 4' 8' high. May. 



2. S. racemosa. False Spikenard. 



Minutely pubescent ; stem leafy, flexuous, recurved at top ; leaves oval or 

 oval-lanceolate, long-acuminate, ciliate, strongly veined, abruptly tapering to a 

 short petiole ; flowers very small, white, in a large, compound paniculate ra- 

 ceme ; parts of the flower in sixes ; ovary 8-celled ; berry pale red, spotted with 

 purple. A common species in moist woods and thickets. Stem 1 2 ft. high. 

 June. 



3. S. stellata. Star-flowered Solomon's Seal. 



Smooth; stem erect, leafy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, glaucous be- 

 neath, somewhat clasping; flowers white, larger than in the last, in a simple 

 raceme ; parts of the flower in sixes ; ovary 2-celled ; berries very dark purple. 

 A smaller species, with larger flowers than the last, found on river-banks, and 

 most common in the northern districts. Stem 8' 15' high. May June. 



13. POLYGONATUM. 



Perianth tubular, 6-cleft at summit. Stamens 6, inserted at 

 or above the middle of the tube, and inclosed in it. Ovary 3- 

 celled. Berry globular. Cells 1-seeded. 



1. P. pubescens. Solomon's Seal. 



Stem recurved at summit, round, rarely marked with a single furrow; 

 leaves oval-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, glaucous and very slightly pubescent 

 beneath, 3 5-veined, sessile; peduncles axillary, smooth, nodding, 1 2-flower- 

 ed ; flowers greenish ; filaments inserted near (he summit of the perianth ; 

 berry dark blue, often nearly black. A common plant of elegant growth, found 

 in woods and thickets. Stem 12 ft. high. June. 



2. P. canaliculatum. Large Solomon's Seal. 



Stem tall and stout, angular or channelled, recurved; leaves oblong-ovate, 

 somewhat clasping at base, smooth and green on both sides, marked with nu- 

 merous prominent veins ; peduncles nodding, smooth, 2 5-flowered ; flowers 

 greenish; filaments inserted at the middle of the perianth-tube ; berries as in 

 the last A much stouter plant than the last, 25 ft high, growing in rich, 

 moist thickets, and along rivers. It is occasionally found in N. Eng., but is 

 most common in the Middle States. June. 



14. UVULAKIA. 



Perianth nearly campanulate, deeply 6-parted ; segments 

 with a honey-bearing groove at base. Stamens 6, short, adherent 

 to the base of the segments. Anthers comparatively long. Style 

 deeply 3-cleft. Capsule 3-angled, 3-celled, opening by 3 valves 

 at top. Seeds few in a cell, arilled. Rhizoma creeping. 



1. U. grandiflora. 



Large Bellwort. 



Stems branching above, recurved ; leaves perfoliate, oblong or oval-ovate, 

 paler beneath ; flowers large, greenish-yellow lily-like, nodding, terminating 

 the branches; sepals smooth within ; anthers somewhat obtuse. A very grace- 

 ful plant, with greenish-yellow, flowers, common in rich woods, especially in 

 the Northern districts. Stem 8' IS' high. May June. 



2. U. perfoliata. 



Perfoliate Bellwort. 



Stem recurved, branching above ; leaves perfoliate, oval-lanceolate or ob- 

 long-lanceolate, glaucous beneath ; flowers greenish-yellow, solitary, nodding, 

 on one of the usually two branches of the stem ; sepals rough inside ; antoers 

 acute. An elegant species smaller than the last, common in moist thickets and 

 rich woods. The stem divides into 2 branches, one bearing the leaves, the other 

 leaves and the flower. Plant 6' 16'. May. 



3. U. sessilifolia. 



Sessile-leaved Bellwort. 



Smooth ; stem recurved and branching above ; leaves sessile, not perfoliate, 

 oval or oval-lanceolate, pale green, glaucous beneath ; flower solitary, yellow- 

 ish-white, terminating as in the last, one branch of the stem while the other is 

 occupied by leaves; sepals smooth within; anthers acute. A delicate little 

 plant, common in low woods. Stem 5' 12' high. May. 



15. STKfcPTOPUS. 



Perianth campanulate, 6-parted ; segments recurved, spread- 

 ing, each with a honey-bearing furrow at base ; 3 inner ones 



