474 APPENDIX. 



GLOSSARY 



IVW Y:i&quot;t V U ! . v - 



OF THE MORE COMMON TERMS USED IN FRUIT CULTURE. 



Acute, sharp or angular. 



Acuminate, drawn out to a point. 



Alburnum, the sap-wood, as distinguished from the heart- wood. 



Apex, point ; the part of a fruit farthest from the foot-stalk. 



Base, lower end, or that portion of a fruit, stalk, or part of a plant, 



nearest the supporting part or root. 



Basin, the hollow or depression at the apex or crown of a fruit, surround 

 ing the calyx. 



Bezi, a wilding, or natural seedling. 

 Beurre, a buttery pear. 

 Border, artificial bed of enriched earth. 

 Callus, ring or swollen portion formed at the base of a cutting, by the 



descending cambium. 



Calville-shaped, much ribbed, as applied to apples. 

 Calyx, the outer or green leaves of a flower, which, remaining on the 



apex of a pear or apple, are often denominated the eye. 

 Cambium, the soft, newly formed wood beneath the bark. 

 Canes, long bearing shoots ; applied to grapes and raspberries. 

 Clipping, trimming down to some definite shape. 

 Colmar-shaped, pyriform or pear-shaped, with a rather slender neck and 



large body. 



Conical, tapering regularly towards the apex. 

 Cordate, heart-shaped. 

 Coxcomb, applied to the form of strawberries when much compressed at 



the sides. 



Crenate, notched or cut like rounded or blunt saw-teeth. 

 Crown, the part of a fruit farthest from the foot-stalk or base. 

 Dwarfs, trees made diminutive by grafting or budding upon stocks of 



small growth. 



Espalier, a tree trained flat upon a trellis. 

 En quenouille, training to produce fruitfulness by tying the branches 



downwards. 



Fibrous roots, the smaller, branching, or thread-like roots. 

 Forcing, the early ripening of fruits by artificial heat under glass. 

 Head back, to cut off the limbs of a tree, part way down. 

 Head down, to cut off the entire limbs or branches of a tree, or to cut 



down to an inserted bud. 



Inflorescence, the manner in which the flowers are borne. 

 Lay-in, applied to selecting and fastening to a trellis or wall, new branches 



or shoots. 



Lay in by the heels, to bury the roots of trees temporarily in a trench. 

 Leading shoot, the longest or main shoot of a limb or tree. 

 Lopping, cutting the branch down to the stem. 

 Maiden plant, a tree of one year s growth from the bud or graft. 

 Mulching, covering the ground about a tree with straw or litter to prevent 



drying. 



