54 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ETH ANN. 18 



the cemented outer face several fragments of bottle glass. On the 

 back is the usual long, stout hook, and a small pierced knob or boss 

 is provided near the lower point for the attachment of strings of beads. 



The earring from Nunivak island shown in plate xxv, 13, is an inch 

 and five-eighths long by an inch wide, with the lower end of bow shape. 

 The excavated front surface is not subdivided by an ivory ridge, but 

 has an insertion of some white substance crossed by regular black lines 

 forming a diamond-shape pattern over which is neatly fitted a piece of 

 window glass. 



Another specimen (plate xxv, 11), from Big lake, is of quadrilateral 

 outline and has an ivory septum across the center forming two sub 

 divisions filled with cement, in which are set four rounded fragments 

 of brass, one at each corner, with a round bead of iron in the center. 

 A smaller specimen than this, from the same locality, has four white 

 beads set in the cement at each corner of the subdivisions, with frag 

 ments of glass in the center. Another earring, from Konigunugunmt, 

 has small fragments of mica imbedded in the cement. 



The greatest variety of carving, however, is shown in the earrings 

 worn by women. These are sometimes plane-face, quadrate, or oval 

 pieces of ivory with a stout hook in the back ; but, as a rule, the fronts 

 are variously carved and ornamented. 



A common style of ornamentation consists of a series of concentric 

 rings with a round pit or dot in the center. Their faces are frequently 

 crossed by fine, etched, ray-like lines. Another form is that of the 

 circles and ray-like lines shown in plate xxiv, 18, from Askinuk. 

 All these rings have a stout hook for attaching them to the ear, and 

 a pierced boss near the lower border, on the posterior side, for the attach 

 ment of a string of beads. 



From Cape Vancouver was obtained the specimen shown in plate 

 xxiv, 5, which exhibits another form, consisting of a circle five-eighths 

 of an inch in diameter, with a round hole in the center and a knob on 

 each corner, and a long, narrow bar at its lower edge, all carved from 

 a single piece of ivory. The front is surrounded by a series of seven 

 neatly etched concentric circles. 



From the same locality is a similar earring (plate xxiv, 1), having 

 the circles spaced in pairs, between the outer and the next to the outer 

 set of which are a series of round, sunken dots. 



The example illustrated in plate xxiv, 2, from Nunivak island, is an 

 inch and an eighth long by three-fourths of an inch wide. The upper 

 portion is circular, with concentric rings, and the central hole is filled 

 with a little ivory plug; the borders have on each corner a little spur, 

 also of ivory, and below, extending downward, two oblong ivory pro 

 jections with rounded ends which are pierced by a small, round hole. 

 The front surfaces of these are convex and are covered with a series of 

 five concentric circles; etched lines extend from the outer circle down 

 on the front of the lower projections, and a little circle surrounds each 

 of the holes near the lower end. 



