74 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT IETH.ANN. 18 



surrounded by a flaring, somewhat spoon-shape rim. The orifice is 

 usually rather small, and is provided with a wooden plug or stopper. 

 Occasionally a funnel is used for filling water bags or small oil bags of 

 this character. 



One specimen of this kind of nozzle from St Michael (figure 11, plate 

 xxxui a) is of wood. The top is of spoon shape, rather flat in outline, 

 with one end in the form of a grotesque walrus head with small ivory 

 tusks and eyes represented by inlaid ivory pegs; the other end repre 

 sents the hind flippers of the walrus, and the fore flippers are painted 

 on the inside of the top near the edge. The broad top is excavated 

 downward to the center, where it is perforated by a round hole. The 

 lower surface is convex, with a round, projecting, stopper-like base for 

 inserting in the mouth of the bag. 



Figure j, plate xxxina, from St Michael, is a spoon-shape nozzle, 

 with a projection below through which the hole passes. It is provided 

 with a wooden stopper attached to a sealskin cord which is fastened 

 into a hole made in a handle-like projection at one end. 



Figure 6 of the same plate, from Nunvogulukhluguinut, is a some 

 what similar spoon-shape nozzle, with a wooden stopper attached to a 

 cord fastened into a hole at one end. 



Figure 2, from Agiukchugumut, is a funnel-shape mouthpiece, with 

 a wooden stopper inserted in a hole in the lower part of the wide- 

 mouth upper end. The outside is marked with raven totem signs. 



Figure 3, from Auogogmat, has a funnel-shape mouthpiece, with its 

 outer rim marked with raven totem signs. 



Figure 4, from the lower Kuskokwim. is a funnel-shape ivory 

 nozzle, with the interior beveled. The outlines of a wolf and a white 

 whale are incised on opposite sides of the opening in the interior. The 

 outer border is marked with the raven totem sign. 



Figure 12, from Norton sound, is a nozzle made from walrus ivory; 

 the surface is ornamented with etched lines and patterns, and the form 

 of a seal s head and back appear in relief on two sides. 



Figure 7, from St Michael, is a conical mouthpiece without orna 

 mentation. 



Figure 10, from Sfugunugumut, is a water bag, with a funnel-like 

 wooden nozzle provided with a wooden stopper attached by a cord. 



RAKES 



Plate xxxv, 2, represents a rake, from Sabotnisky, made from 

 a piece of reindeer antler with the tips curved inward; the handle is 

 worked down flat on the lower and flattened a little on the upper side, 

 and has a notch for lashing it to a stout wooden haft, the lashing pass 

 ing through a hole in the handle. This implement is used for taking 

 away the refuse in the fire hole of the Icashim or for clearing away 

 refuse material while building a house. It is used also for cleaning 



