88 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ETH.ANN. 18 



and notches. Figure 2, also from the lower Yukon, has the end cut 

 into two notches with two points of different shape, one on each side. 

 Figure 5, from the lower Yukon, shows still another form. 



Plate xxxvin, 11, from the lower Yukon, is a bent piece of deerhorn 

 having a screw-driver set in one end; the other end is fashioned into 

 notches to form a finishing tool. 



Plate xxxvm, 10, from Kotzebue sound, is a small piece of fossil 

 mammoth ivory, with a rounded handle and a knob-like head, the lower 

 surface of which is convex in shape and smoothly polished. The sides 

 and the top of the handle are provided with hollows to receive the 

 thumb and the first two fingers. 



WEDGES AND MAULS 



Wedges of wood, bone, deerhorn, and ivory are used for splitting 

 wood; they vary considerably in size, but the majority are from six to 

 eight inches in length. Heavy wooden mauls are used for driving them. 



Plate xxxix, 5, shows a wedge, from the Diomede islands, made 

 from the butt of an old walrus tusk, beveled from both sides. Around 

 the lower end is a broad, sunken groove for the attachment of a handle, 

 thus permitting the use of the implement as an ax. 



Plate xxxix, 6, represents a small wooden wedge used in making 

 splints for fish traps. It has a short groove, painted red, on each side, 

 which is said to represent the track of a land otter in the snow and 

 to be the private mark of the maker. Two more of these wedges were 

 obtained from the same man, one of them being about five inches and 

 the other eleven inches in length. 



Plate xxxix, 4, represents a deerhorn wedge from the lower Yukon. 

 From Point Hope was obtained a rude wedge, made from a piece of 

 the jawbone of a whale and beveled on one of its two sides. 



Plate xxxix, 2, from Nunivak island, obtained by Dr W. H. Dall, is 

 a curiously shaped wedge of reindeer horn, having a projecting prong 

 on one side. In the middle is fastened a little tuft of reindeer hair by 

 means of a peg inserted in a hole made for the purpose. 



Plate xxxix, 7, from St Lawrence island, is a wedge of walrus ivory. 



Plate xxxv, 3, from Hotham inlet, is a heavy maul or beetle made 

 from a section of fossil mammoth tusk .about 18 inches in length. 



ARROWSHAFT STRAIGHTENERS 



Straighteners for arrowshafts are in common use throughout western 

 Alaska, and the collection contains a large series of implements of this 

 kind. Deerhorn and walrus ivory are the materials commonly employed 

 in their manufacture, and considerable ingenuity is shown in shaping 

 them. 



Plate XL, 9, from the lower Yukon, is a small, roughly made shaft 

 straigh tener of deerhom, as is figure G of the same plate, from the same 



