106 THE E SKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT IE. ANN. is 



etched lines extending out from it, evidently intended to represent a 



hood with a fur border. On the other side is the face of a woman with 



tattooed lines on the chin and a similar indication of a fur hood, and 



also two seals in relief. 



Figure 21, from Big lake, is a round, slender rod terminating in the 



head of an unknown animal. 



, .Figure 12, from the lower Yukon, is a slender rod having an eye at 



the lower end for the attachment of a cord, and is composed of a series 



of oval sections divided by grooves and raised headings. 



, Figure 18, from the lower Yukon, is another round rod surrounded 



by grooves and headings. : 



Figure 10, from Cape Nome, has an eye on one end for attaching the 

 cord, and is sharpened at the other to serve as a bodkin. It is etched 

 near its base with the raven totem. 



Figure 10, from Nubviukhchugaluk, is triangular in cross section 

 and notched along two of the corners; on one side is etched the raven 

 totem. This piece also terminates in a point for use as a bodkin. 



Figures 3 and 11 are both from Cape Vancouver, and have their 

 ends flattened to serve as sole-creasers in making boots. 



Figure 8, from the; lower Yukon; figure 4, from Big lake; figure 7, 

 from Chnlitmut; figure 6, from Kushunuk, and figure 5, from Koiii- 

 gunugumut, are all double rods, divided along the middle but joined 

 near the outer ends. 



Figure 9, from Chalitmut, has two detached rods united by four 

 round iron pegs or rivets, the two rods not touching anywhere along 

 their length. .&quot; 



Figure 20, from the Yukon; figure 1, from Sabotnisky; figure 10, 

 from Konigunuguimit, and figure 2, from Chalitmut, are various!} orna 

 mented &quot;with lines and circles etched upon the surfaces. 



Figure 23, from Sfugunugumut, is a round ivory rod, with a seal 

 carved in relief on the upper side- 

 Figure 22, from the lower Kuskokwim, is a flattened image of a seal 

 carved in -ivory. 



NEEDLES AND BODKINS 



Formerly bone needles were used exclusively by the Eskimo, the 

 holes for the stitches ueing pierced with a fine-pointed bodkin or awl 

 of. bone, ivory, or deerhorn ; but since intercourse with white men has 

 become more frequent they have obtained steel needles and pieces of 

 iron,, from, which needles are made by themselves. Although many 

 bodkins are now pointed with iron, a great majority of those in use are 

 still made from bone, ivory, or horn. 



, Figures 1 and 2, plate XLVIIKI, from St Michael, are ivory needles 

 used for sewing coarse seams in making boat covers or for similar 

 (heavy work. .: . 



In the collection there is a small, flat, wooden tablet (number 44204), 



