NELSON] THREAD AND CORD IMPLEMENTS 111 



sbredder of walrus ivory, with four large, coarse teeth and a narrow 

 handle. 



Figure 1, plate XLVIII a, from Sledge island, is a three-toothed sinew 

 shredder with a flattened knob-like blade at the end of the handle. 



FigureS, plate XLVIII , from Cape Koine, is a small, flat piece of 

 deerhorn with three flat teeth on one end, and figure 2, plate XLYIII a, 

 from Sledge island, is a similar implement made of ivory. 



Figure 4, plate XLVIII , from Cape Darby, is a toothed ivory imple 

 ment of this kind, one tooth being attached to the side of the main 

 piece by means of a strong wrapping of willow root. 



Figures 7 and 9, plate XLVIII , from the lower Yukon; figure 8, from 

 Mission, and figure 10, from Sabotnisky, are specimens of combs wbich 

 have been used in making grass thread. 



The accompanying figure 30, from Sledge island, represents some of 

 the implements used for twisting sinew cords. A full set consists of 

 two flattened ivory rods with a small knob or head at each end, and 

 four bodkin-like ivory rods each with the figure of a deer-head at the 

 upper end. These implements are all pierced with holes and strung 



FIG. 30 Sinew twisters (i). 



on a rawhide cord in order that they may conveniently be carried and 

 not readily mislaid. 



Figure 8, plate XLVIII b, from Cape Vancouver, and figure 5 of the 

 same plate, from Nunivak island, represent reels on which thread is 

 wound. They are sometimes used also as shuttles in making small 

 meshed nets. 



Figures 4 and G, plate XLVIII /&amp;gt;, from Nunivak island, are specimens 

 of thread reels carved to represent mythical beings, half woman and 

 half seal, with the hands held against the sides of the faces. 



Figures 3 and 7, plate XLVIII 6, from the same island, are ivory reels 

 carved to represent seals. 



Figure 31 represents a sinew cord spinner from St Lawrence island. 

 This object is made of ivory and consists of three parts; these are a 

 quadrate base for holding in the hand, and pierced in the middle of 

 the outer surface for the insertion of one end of a slender rod having a 

 knob at its other end. A flattened rod is pierced near one end and 

 slipped upon the first-named rod, upon which it revolves. The sinew 

 to be spun is attached to the flattened rod at the shoulder, just below 

 the hole, and by a rapid circular motion of the hand the flattened rod 

 is caused to revolve rapidly, giving the desired twisting to the cord. 



