168 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ETH ANN. 18 



which was obtained at Razbinsky. It has a groove around the edge 

 and a deep, broad groove down the front; at the rear the overlapping 

 ends are lashed together with willow bark. The specimen from St 

 Michael, shown in plate LXIV, 15, is more heavily made. On the middle 

 of the front is a groove. The front is carried out to represent the head 

 of a pike, with a mouth formed by a deeply incised groove, in which 

 are set numerous small reindeer teeth; two deep holes represent the 

 nostrils, and two amber colored beads are inlaid for eyes. One side of 

 the visor is black, the other side is not colored. Visors from the shore 

 of Norton sound are sometimes ornamented with ivory figures lashed to 

 their sides and front, like the helmets from south of the Yukon mouth. 



Figure 18, plate LXIV, illustrates a visor of this kind, which has a 

 wing-like piece oh each side and the head of a gull in front; the 

 median ridge is ornamented with the ivory images of two walrus 

 heads. The back of the visor has an oval ring of shavings projecting 

 upward and stuck full of feathers from the tails of cormorants and 

 old wife ducks. 



Figure 2, plate LXIV, from Chalitmut; figure 19 of the same plate, 

 from Norton bay; and figure 17, from Sledge island, represent visors 

 made from pieces of wood, with a rawhide strip or cord attached on 

 each side for passing over the back of the head. The first specimen 

 mentioned is painted black on both sides and has a series of ivory pegs 

 and white beads inlaid in two rows on the upper surface. The visor 

 shown in plate LXIV, 19, has a shallow groove, painted red, around the 

 upper edge; inside of this is a deep, narrow groove, which, with the 

 remainder of the visor, is uncolord. The third specimen (plate LXIV, 

 17) has the lower part of the visor, a band around the edge, and a 

 long, oval groove down the front, painted black. A shallow groove, 

 extending around the borders above and below inside the black line, is 

 colored red. 



The ornamentation of helmets with ivory carvings varies but little in 

 the several localities. Usually there is a long, flat, wing-shape piece 

 on each side and the head of a bird in front; the middle is occupied 

 by carvings of walrus heads or figures of other animals. 



The following specimens, shown in figure 45, illustrate some of the 

 ornaments: 



Number 8 represents one of the wing-shape pieces from Shaktolik, 

 with open-work pattern and a series of circles and dots. Number 7 

 shows one of the ivory strips obtained at Kushunuk ; it is carved to 

 represent the head of a cormorant. Another, from Askinuk (number 

 6), represents the head of a gull. A specimen from St Michael (num 

 ber 5) is an ivory walrus head for the front of a helmet. Another, 

 from Kushunuk (number 3), represents a land otter, the eyes of which 

 are represented by inlaid blue beads, and similar beads are inlaid in 

 the centers of circles etched along the back. A thin band of deerhorn 

 from the lower Yukon (number U) is flattened on one side and beveled 



