NELSON] 



TOTEM MARKS 



323 



two barbs. The same idea is expressed on the base of the arrowpoint, 

 where an incised line about an inch in length is drawn along the sur 

 face of the bone with the two short, parallel, incised lines projecting 

 from it. The arrowpoint illustrated to show this figure 108) was 



FIG. 109 Spearhead representing a wolf ( T 7 8 ). 



obtained on Nunivak island, but was made and used by a Malemut from 

 the vicinity of Kotzebue sound. 



The wolf totem is exhibited on numerous spearheads of walrus ivory 

 obtained at various places from the shore of Norton sound south- 



FIG. 110 Spearhead representing a wolf (about f ). 



ward to Kuskokwim river. These spearheads are usually well made, 

 showing the mouth of the wolf open, with the line of teeth in relief 

 around the open jaws, in the front of which is a hole lined with a 

 wooden socket, in which the conical butt of the spearpoint is placed. 



FIG. Ill Spearhead representing an otter (J). 



The nostrils and the eyes of the wolf are often represented by blackened 

 incised lines; or they may be circular pits in which wooden pegs are set, 

 or filled with a black substance, so as to show prominently. The wolf s 

 ears are usually carved in relief, or are made of sharp-pointed pegs of 



FIG. 112 Spearhead representing an ermine (g). 



ivory set in the sides of the head. In the latter case the eyes also are 

 made of round pegs of ivory, and the holes for the nostrils are plugged 

 with wooden pins. Others have the eyes represented by blue or black 

 beads inlaid in the ivory. The accompanying illustrations of two of 



