6 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 56 



were observed. Remains of the beaver and small rodents, and bones of birds, espe 

 cially the turkey, eagle, hawk, and owl, were noted. 



Remains of the dog and turkey were found in nearly every ruin, showing the 

 extent of the domestication of these animals in this region. So far as can be deter 

 mined, the dog and turkey were the only animals domesticated by the pueblo tribes. 

 It was hoped that light might have been thrown upon the question of domestication 

 of other animals, namely, the deer [citing Nadaillac] and an auchenia (llama), as 

 affirmed by dishing from figurines found on the Rio Salado, in Southern Arizona. 

 The writer has copied numerous pictographs in the valley of the Little Colorado 

 River showing unmistakably the herding of turkeys and of deer by men. . 

 Still, the evidence presented so far as to the domestication of other animals than the 

 dog and turkey is unsatisfactory. 



Zoological field work was conducted for slightly less than four weeks 

 in the neighborhood of El Rito de los Frijoles in August, 1910, so 

 that this account can not be considered in any sense a final discus 

 sion of the fauna of the vicinity. Collection and observation were 

 conducted chiefly in the lower part of the Rito de los Frijoles canyon 

 and on adjacent mesas, but included a two-day trip to the Painted 

 Cave and a three-day trip to the top of the Jemez Mountains and 

 edge of Valle Grande, just beyond the headwaters of the Rito, so 

 that a general impression of the fauna from the top of the mountains 

 to the rim of the Rio Grande canyon was obtained. Judge A. J. 

 Abbott, who now lives at El Rito de los Frijoles, Mr. Nathan Dowell, 

 who has hunted and trapped in the region, and several of the Indians 

 employed in the archeological excavations have furnished much infor 

 mation, which a short summer trip could not disclose. In case of 

 the birds especially, only observations carried through the four sea 

 sons could make it possible to secure a list even approximately com 

 plete, on account of the number of migratory species which must visit 

 the vicinity. Obviously the birds seen were all either permanent or 

 summer residents, winter residents and spring and autumn migrants 

 being then absent. To the list have been added such species as have 

 been recorded for the Rio Grande valley between the Colorado line 

 and a point southwestward from Santa Fe, so far as they could be 

 noted in the limited examination of the literature which has been 

 possible. Time has not permitted as full an examination of the 

 zoologic literature of the region as is desirable, and much informa 

 tion is hidden in works whose titles do not suggest at all the inclusion 

 of anything zoologic. 



The region is within the southern extremity of the great Rocky 

 Mountain system. Northward, mountains extend in unbroken chains 

 through Colorado. Southward, instead of continuous chains there 

 are isolated mountain masses separated by dry mesas and plains. 

 Consequently the affinities of the fauna as a whole are with the moun 

 tain fauna of Colorado. The great majority of species are found 

 northward to or through Colorado. A few, as Ashmunella, are of 

 distinctly southern type. 



