HARRINGTON] ETHNOZOOLOGY OF THE TEWA INDIANS 27 



Fewkes ] reports : 



The ancient Hopi had a domestic dog which was a pet rather than a beast of burden. 

 The good qualities of this ~et were recognized and recounted in their legends. 



Russell 2 says : 



The only domesticated animal which there is any certainty that the Pimas possessed 

 at the time of the discovery is the dog. The old people say that in their youth the 

 dogs were all alike and resembled coyotes. At present there are many small mon 

 grels, obtained principally from the Mexicans. 



Hough 3 says that &quot; remains of the dog and turkey were found in 

 nearly every ruin&quot; in northeastern Arizona. 



Fewkes, in his account of certain Arizona ruins/ says: 



The occurrence of a skull of the domesticated dog in one of the graves at the Chaves 

 Pass ruin is significant, showing that this animal was known to the ancients, and 

 probably utilized by them. The fact that this dog was the broad-faced variety is 

 particularly instructive. It was not apparently a domesticated coyote or a mongrel 

 like those which now are so common in some of the pueblos. 



Lucas 5 gives the following account of this skull : 



Among the many objects obtained by Dr. Fewkes last summer from the ruined 

 pueblo of Chaves Pass, Arizona, is the cranium of a domesticated dog, found in a grave 

 with a human skeleton. Although the mere fact of a dog being discovered under such 

 circumstances is in itself interesting, it is not at first sight remarkable, since it is well 

 known that in America, as elsewhere, the dog was domesticated at an early date, and 

 Clavijero mentions an ancient dog which he calls &quot;a quadruped of the country of 

 Cibola, similar in form to a mastiff, which the Indians employ to carry burdens.&quot; 

 Aside from the fact that this is the first dog s cranium discovered by Dr. Fewkes, there 

 are some points of special interest in the present case. Most of the Indian dogs are 

 more or less wolfish in their aspect, and have long skulls, with comparatively low 

 foreheads, thus showing a small degree of specialization in the way of breed, and this 

 is true of such of the mummied dogs of Egypt as I have seen. The cranium of the 

 Chaves dog, on the contrary, is of the broad-faced type, with high forehead, and, 

 curiously enough, is precisely similar in size and proportions to the cranium of an 

 Eskimo dog from Cumberland Sound 1 , the resemblance extending to the peculiar 

 concavity and squareness of the nasal region. While this is an interesting coincidence, 

 it is not brought forward as implying community of origin, but as instancing long 

 domestication in order that so well-marked a breed could be established. A curious 

 confirmation of the early origin of this breed was received from San Marcos, Texas, 

 where, in excavating for ponds, at the station of the U. S. Fish Commission, a human 

 skeleton and bones of other animals were found in a layer containing many flint 

 implements, overlaid by two feet of black soil. The bones were those of existing 

 species, including teeth of several bison, and there was also a fragment of a dog s skull 

 similar in size and proportions to that obtained at Chaves Pass. 



From the apparent general distribution of the dog, an animal 

 particularly useful to primitive people throughout North America at a 



1 Fewkes, J. Walter, Property-right in Eagles Among the Hopi, Amer. Anthr., n. s., 11, p. 706, 1900. 



1 Russell, Frank, op. cit., p. 84. 



a Hough, Walter, Archaeological Field Work In Northeastern Arizona: The Museum-Gates Expedi 

 tion of 1901, Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Museum for 1901, pp. 316, 326, 339, 356, 1903. 



* Fewkes, Jesse Walter, Two Summers Work in Pueblo Ruins, Twenty-second Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. 

 Ethn., pt. I, p. 27, 1904. 



5 Lucas, F. A., A Dog of the Ancient Pueblos, Science, n. *., v, p. 544, 1897. 



