PHONETIC KEY 



It is necessary to preface this memoir with a key to the Tewa 

 sounds and the symbols adopted to represent them. 



1. Orinasal vowels, pronounced with mouth and nose passages 

 open: a (Eng. father, but orinasal), se. (Eng. man, but orinasal), 

 g (moderately close e, orinasal), \ (Portuguese sim), a (French pas, 

 but orinasal), o (moderately close o, orinasal), y, (Portuguese atura). 



2. Oral vowels, pronounced with mouth passage open and nose 

 passage closed by the velum: a (Eng. father), e (moderately close e), 

 i (Eng. routine), o (moderately close o), u (Eng. ride). 



An inverted period after a vowel symbol indicates that the vowel 

 is long. A superior vowel symbol indicates that the vowel is very 

 short and grating (knarrstimmig) . The vowels are breathy, and 

 unless followed by the glottal stop, a glottalized stop, or a voiced 

 sound, an aspiration is distinctly heard toward the end. 



3. Semi-vowels: j (Ger. ;/a, but very fricative), w (Eng. way). 



4. Laryngeal consonants: h (laryngeal 7i)j (glottal stop, lenis). 



5. Dorsal consonants: Ic (voiceless lenis), lew (voiceless lenis 

 labialized, Latin aids), & (glottalized), Y (aspirated), g (Eng. firmer, 

 voiced inflative g preplosively nasal), g (Castilian aboaado), qw 

 (Castilian juez), y (Eng. singer), yw (Eng. Lar^worthy). 



In absolute auslaut y is somewhat palatal, also before and h. 

 Before frontal consonants y is assimilated to n, before labial con 

 sonants to m. 



6. Frontal consonants: n (Castilian ma^ana), t (voiceless lenis), 

 I (glottalized), / (aspirated), $ (Eng. lading, inflative d preplosively 

 nasal), d (Japanese roku), ts (Ger. sehn, but very lenis), ts (Ger. 2, 

 glottalized), s (Eng. saw), tf (Eng. c/iew, but lenis), (f (Eng. chew, 

 glottalized), / (Eng. ship) (/ is the capital of /), n (Eng. now). 



7. Labial consonants: p (voiceless lenis), p (glottalized), p, 

 (aspirated), b (Eng. lambent, voiced inflative b preplosively nasal), 

 & (Castilian ca&allo), m (Eng. man). 



The sound of I is heard in some words of foreign origin, and in San 

 Ildef onso polamimi, butterfly . 



The consonants may also be classified as follows: 

 Voiced constringents : 7, w. 

 Voiceless fricatives : 7i, s, f. 

 Voiceless fricatives labialized : qw, 



IX 



