24 EVOLUTION AND MAN S PLACE IN NATURE 



tained, by regarding man as impermm in imperio, 

 as^if all things were to be judged from the stand 

 point of human desires ; nevertheless, there has been an 

 actual imperium,a, true lordship of man throughout 

 the earth. Neglecting to make account of this, biology 

 must expose itself to deserved ridicule, on account 

 of unfinished work. The biologist must include 

 himself in his view of existence, or else he must be 

 contented with the narrow field of a specialist, whose 

 words have value only within a limited range of ob 

 servation. Philosophy needs like warning. Deliver 

 ance from merely abstract thinking is a necessity. 

 This escape must be achieved by philosophy itself, 

 with reasonable gratitude to biology for forcing on 

 this reform, for which Hegel resolutely and wisely 

 pleaded. But the questions, raised at an early date 

 by Aristotle, of separation and classification of the 

 sciences, remain to this day. This additional pro 

 blem we now have for treatment, how are all sciences 

 to be harmonised in a manner equivalent to the unity 

 found in Nature. Over this problem, the theory of 

 Evolution has thrown a broad and steady light. 



Man is a being who doubly presupposes Nature, 



j as he is a spirit which finds its organism in an 



, animal body, and as it is in the system of Nature that 



he finds the presupposition and environment of his 



The philosophic spirit is thus in full harmony 



with the modern problem concerning man s place in 



the cosmos. The problem can be solved only on con 



dition of full appreciation of what man is; and for 



understanding of this, there must be study not only 



l P^T T P S ph y of Immannel Kant, by Professor 

 Edward Caird, LL.D., p. 10. 



