THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN LIFE 49 



nutriment, now becomes the leading condition for 

 development; not knowledge apart from nutriment, 

 certainly ; but knowledge as additional to nutriment. 

 Knowledge is the nutriment of a higher life. Even 

 the young child has a larger place in Nature than 

 the fully-developed animal. Why does the child 

 drive the cow, why does the cow not drive off the 

 child ? How can a boy so early guide a horse ? 



Let us now keep as closely as possible to the line of 

 development in human life. The most important facts 

 will be found all along this line of observation. The 

 opening stage of infant development is exclusively 

 physical ; it is the progress of organism, in adaptation 

 to new conditions. We are Avont to describe it as the 

 period of unconscious life. The dawn of intelligence, 

 of which we have spoken, marks a second and greatly 

 advanced stage. We also name it dawn of conscious 

 ness/ distinguishing between self and not-self I fear 

 it must here be confessed that our language is not such 

 as can be applied to material movement. Accordingly, 

 we find it natural to begin enlarging our vocabulary, 

 for we must speak of observing, of directing the 

 attention, and of reasoning. How can we any longer 

 speak only of bodily movements, or use language 

 applicable to these ? We are here concerned with 

 the dawn of intelligence itself. A true natural 

 history of human life is dependent on accuracy of 

 description here. We are parting from physiology, 

 we are crossing the frontier, we are reaching 

 the point where it has become needful to guard 

 against mixing two methods/ We can discrimi 

 nate as we now do, only by the aid of our own 

 experiences, never in the smallest degree by the aid 



D 



