THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN LIFE 53 



physique. The solidarity of life is certain ; mind and 

 brain stand in fixed relations ; but the difference be 

 tween the two, arising out of their distinction, is one 

 of the things most obvious in human history. 

 Robustness has not always an intellectual equivalent ; 

 rational insight has not its physical counterpart. 

 Even a well-developed brain is not the exclusive 

 possession of those remarkable for intellectual gift; 

 its existence is not an assurance for manifestation of 

 high intellectual functions. Nutriment will not de 

 velop mind; it cannot take the place of education. 

 Yet so surely is there some natural correlation be 

 tween physical and mental life, that poor food is a 

 hindrance to intellectual advance; though we are 

 unable to claim that high living is a security for 

 high intellectual effort. 



From the dawn of consciousness, we pass to a more 

 advanced period when we mark the beginnings of 

 self-directed life. We are not here fixing any date ; 

 we are recording the appearance of a new order 

 of facts, in the unfolding of life. Concentrated 

 observation and reflection prepare the way for self- 

 directed activity, whose outcome is rational conduct. 

 The same rational power here continues at work, 

 but on a broader basis, and fulfilling a new function 

 in the government of activity. Regulation of con 

 duct appears in a manner altogether new, standing 

 in full contrast with animal activity. There is no 

 longer need for modifying the statement of contrast 

 by reference to participation in the functions by 

 the higher animals. It is, however, of essential 

 moment for the argument that the statement of facts 

 here should be clear and complete. A distinct phase 



