68 EVOLUTION AND MAN S PLACE IN NATURE 



conjectures of previous ages. At the same time, it is 

 impossible to explain man s achievement by reference 

 to his physical superiority. Intelligence alone makes 

 him master ; yet must he master himself, in order to 

 be master in Nature. Otherwise, he may live in base 

 slavery to passion, in comparison with which the 

 subjection of animals is reasonable service. 



Without entering into minute detail here, \ve include 

 in this general account of the functions of rational life 

 comparison of objects, discrimination of qualities, 

 their classification under common names, formation 

 of images of things by mental inclusion of common 

 qualities, formation of abstract conceptions, inductions 

 of the laws of Nature, and recognition of general 

 maxims of conduct. This is such an enumeration as 

 any man would make, including as it does exercises 

 with which we are familiar in everyday life. We thus 

 set in position those functions of human life which a 

 theory of Evolution must include. 



Alongside of this let us place Professor Huxley s 

 enumeration in terms applicable to organic life. In 

 physiological language ... all the multifarious and 

 complicated activities of man are comprehensible 

 under three categories. Either they are immediately 

 directed towards the maintenance and development 

 of the body, or they effect transitory changes in the 

 relative positions of parts of the body, or they tend 

 towards the continuance of the species. Even those 

 manifestations of intellect, of feeling, and of will, 

 w r hich we rightly name the higher faculties, are not 

 excluded from this classification, inasmuch as to 

 every one but the -subject of them they are known 

 only as transitory changes in the relative positions of 



