CHAPTER VII 



ANIMAL AND RATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 



AFTER this general account of the rational activity of 

 man, we return to consider the evidence of intelligence 

 in animals, specially in the higher mammals. We 

 have seen that only by prior study of the higher 

 intelligence can we come to any clear appreciation of 

 the lower intelligence. Our dependence on conscious 

 ness for direct knowledge of intelligence is conclusive 

 as to the line of research. 



Our aim here will be to estimate facts at their 

 highest value, as they may seem favourable to the 

 hypothesis of evolution of mind as well as of body. 

 This is the only course by which we may hope to 

 approximate towards a decision on the relations of 

 rational life to animal in natural history. 



We begin with an extract from Wallace s Darwin 

 ism: Mr. Darwin s mode of argument consists in 

 showing that the rudiments of most, if not of all, the 

 mental and moral qualities of man can be detected in 

 some animals. The manifestations of intelligence, 

 amounting in some cases to distinct acts of reasoning, 

 in many animals, are adduced as exhibiting in a much 

 less degree the intelligence and reason of man. In 

 stances of curiosity, imitation, attention, wonder, and 



K 



