ANIMAL AND RATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 147 



closely approaching man in physical structure. He 

 says : My object in this chapter is to show that there 

 is no fundamental difference between man and the 

 higher mammals in their mental faculties. l This is 

 contemplated by Darwin as part of the constructive 

 argument for the evolution of rational life. It is 

 also desirable here to keep in view Wallace s own 

 position, as marking divergence from Darwin at this 

 point. He says : I fully accept Mr. Darwin s conclusion 

 as to the essential identity of man s bodily structure 

 with that of the higher mammalia; yet he finds 

 himself unable to concur in the further conclusion as 

 to the essential identity of man s mental nature with 

 that of lower orders of life. As to Darwin s position 

 concerning the rational life of man, Wallace says : 

 Although, perhaps, nowhere distinctly formulated, 

 his whole argument tends to the conclusion that 

 man s entire nature, and all his faculties, whether 

 moral, intellectual, or spiritual, have been derived 

 from their rudiments in the lower animals, in the same 

 manner, and by the action of the same general laws, 

 as his physical structure has been derived. 2 As to 

 the validity of this, Wallace says : This conclusion 

 appears to me not to be supported by adequate 

 evidence, and to be directly opposed to many well 

 ascertained facts. 3 Thus the two authors who divide 

 the honours of working out, quite independently, a 

 theory of the evolution of organic life by natural 

 selection, are at variance as to the possibility of in 

 cluding the rational life of man in the scheme. 



As I have elsewhere discussed in detail the evidence 



1 The Descent of Man, chap. iii. p. 66. 



2 Darwinism, p. 461. :i Ibid., p. 461. 



