154 EVOLUTION AND MAN S PLACE IN NATURE 



intelligence, almost all are prepared to admit, what 

 ever the diversities of opinion entertained as to the 

 range of intelligent power belonging to animal life. 



How far we may extend the group of higher 

 mammalia to which intelligence maybe attributed, 

 is a question of great interest here. But it does not 

 promise to find exact settlement under the conditions 

 of our present knowledge. For theoretic purposes, it 

 is enough that we consider the relations of man, as 

 an intelligent being, to the animals nearest in or 

 ganisation, and most closely allied by domestication. 

 The group thus formed is sufficiently large to allow 

 for an extended range of evidence, and for critical 

 acumen in its interpretation. Here allowance must 

 constantly be made for the imperfect knowledge of 

 animal life attainable by outward observation. The 

 group of animals contemplated includes the ape, the 

 -monkey, the dog, and the horse. For our present 

 object, it is not needful to extend wider. Let us take 

 the highest in animal life, even with all the advantages 

 of domestication, and let us compare this with the 

 normal intelligence of human life. 



We are now ready for consideration of Darwin s 

 argument. The summary given by Wallace, already 

 quoted, will greatly facilitate reference, and will afford 

 a reliable test. What we specially desire to reach is 

 a set of trustAvorthy generalisations as to animal 

 intelligence. Only after these have been found can we 

 be in a position to judge of the scheme of Evolution, 

 as it bears upon man s appearance on the earth. 



Under guidance of physiology we have to assign 

 the full complement of work to the sensory nerves 

 and correlated portions of the brain and subordinate 



