172 EVOLUTION AND MAN*S PLACE IN NATURE 



instincts in common, as that of self-preservation, 

 sexual love, the love of the mother for her new-born 

 offspring, the desire possessed by the latter to suck, 

 and so forth. But man, perhaps, has somewhat fewer 

 instincts than those possessed by the animals which 

 come next to him in the series. 1 Next, as to in 

 tellectual power, Man, from the activity of his 

 mental faculties, cannot avoid reflection : past im 

 pressions and images are incessantly and clearly 

 passing through his mind. 2 To separate two distinct 

 sets of phenomena, thus becomes needful, if valid 

 inductions are to be reached ; and this demand applies 

 as much to the higher mammals as to man. This 

 requirement is to be met by application of the dis 

 tinction between sense and intelligence, between 

 fundamental intuitions of the senses, and reflection, 

 as Darwin has expressed the difference. For a little, 

 we leave common instincts, to ascertain what is 

 common in use of general sensibility of the organism, 

 and of the special senses ; thereafter, what is common 

 in respect of intelligence, and what are the special 

 characteristics of human intelligence. 



As to organic sensibility, inference is easy, giving 

 large experience and activity common to man and 

 animal. Continuity in structure is obvious ; the func 

 tions are homologous ; and diversity is to be affirmed 

 only in accordance with differentiation in organism. 

 The laws of sensibility and of motor activity are the 

 same; and whatever differences exist in experience 

 determined by the special senses, all alike see, hear, 

 taste, and smell. 



As to Intelligence, inference is more difficult, the 



1 The Descent of Man, p. 66. 2 Ibid. p. 112. 



