176 EVOLUTION AND MAN S PLACE IN NATURE 



make an additional demand upon caution in 

 applying tests. At this point, some advantage to 

 scientific induction arises from Darwin having 

 allowed himself to extend observation beyond the 

 higher mammals. A wide range of sympathetic 

 feeling is thus included, but under this division of 

 evidence, marks of intelligence are less prominent. 

 He says : With those animals which live permanently 

 in a body, the social instincts are ever present and 

 persistent. Such animals are always ready to utter 

 the danger signal, to defend the community, and to 

 give aid to their fellows in accordance with their 

 habits ; they feel at all times, without the stimulus of 

 any special passion or desire, some degree of love and 

 sympathy for them ; they are unhappy if long separ 

 ated from them, and always happy to be again in 

 their company. So it is with ourselves. 1 The 

 accuracy of this account will be at once admitted, 

 presenting important phases of experience common 

 to animal and man. What are included under gre- 

 gariousness are phases of animal susceptibility. 

 The gregarious is more prominent than the social, 

 and the social feeling is more prominent than 

 action of intelligence. Laying aside instincts, not 

 claimed as evidence of intelligence, and applying the 

 distinction between sensible and intelligent discrim 

 ination, intellectual phenomena are here few and un 

 important. The agreeableness experienced from the 

 presence of numbers, is a phase of sensibility which 

 must be referred to organism. There seems no 

 ground to conclude that this depends on intelligent 

 discrimination, any more than on special passion. 

 1 The Descent of Man, p. 112. 



