ANIMAL AND RATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 177 



Nor docs it appear that wo can otherwise classify tho 

 danger signal, any more than the passionate defence, 

 in case of attack. Here we are still contemplating 

 phenomena of animal life. Uniform association with 

 the species, leads to uneasiness in separation. The 

 absence of intelligent discrimination is particularly 

 marked here. There are few phenomena for which it 

 seems possible to claim an intelligent origin, or even 

 as much as can with certainty be described as 

 intelligent direction. All the characteristic features 

 of the social life of man are wanting in the life of 

 animals most gregarious; while all the animal char 

 acteristics appear down the scale, greatly below the 

 higher mammals. Some of the insects are social, 

 and aid one another in many important ways; 1 

 rabbits stamp loudly on the ground with their hind 

 feet as a signal ; animals of many kinds are social, 

 we find even distinct species living together; for 

 example, some American monkeys, and united flocks 

 of rooks, jackdaws, and starlings.&quot; 2 We do not 

 suppose that any one claims that these facts warrant 

 an inference to intelligence. Facts more obviously 

 approximating towards those of human life are not 

 conspicuous among animals the most gregarious. As 

 to this, Darwin bears important testimony, showing 

 how much is the product of impulse, how little of in 

 telligent direction. A general and careful survey of 

 animal life has led him to the conclusion that, there 

 is no evidence that any animal performs an action for 

 the exclusive good of another species/ 3 Accordingly 

 the law of natural selection does riot point to advance 



1 The. Descent of Man, p. 100. 2 Jl,id 



3 Origin of Hpeciw, p. ] 94. 



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