ANIMAL AND RATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 191 



absence of knowledge which is the source of astonish 

 ment to us. We are baffled, when insects are 

 adepts. From our account of Instinct and of 

 Intellect, it is clear that each is excluded from the 

 field of exercise belonging to the other. The one has 

 an area of activity, the other a sphere of knowledge. 

 From this it follows that all inductions are faulty 

 which assume Instinct to be a stage in the history of 

 evolution of Intelligence. In thus relegating instinct 

 and intelligence to distinct spheres, there is nothing- 

 adverse to the acknowledgment that instinct may 

 appear in the life of the higher mammals, and even 

 in the life of man. The general conclusion now 

 reached as to their contrast is, however, sustained 

 by the fewness and the comparative simplicity of 

 the instincts in the higher animals, in contrast with 

 those of animals low in the scale of life. 



At this point, much that has hitherto been held to 

 belong to the argument for evolution is seen to fall 

 away. Continuity of organic evolution of the whole 

 scale of life is maintained on distinct lines of evidence, 

 and the theory is liberated from the perplexity occa 

 sioned by an apparent breach of continuity con 

 sequent on attributing intelligence of a special order 

 appearing so low as insect life. In accordance with 

 Darwin s suggestion, we again pass up to the higher 

 mammalia for evidence of intelligence. If this 

 higher power here appear only in minor form, quite 

 inferior to human intelligence, yet is the animal in 

 telligence closely allied with the human, being 

 clearly in advance of all that appears in the life of 

 lower animals. The wonders of instinct stand unex 

 plained. They are referred to animal sensibility, not 



