194 EVOLUTION AND MAN S PLACE IN NATURE 



senses. The dog and horse are far behind the other 

 two in the sense of touch, far in advance of them in 

 the sense of smell. Structural differences telllargelyon 

 the phases of evidence for Intelligence presented by the 

 several lives. Differences are further multiplied, when 

 account is made of relations to environment; for 

 amongst these are great contrasts in range of experi 

 ence, and measure of contact with human influence. 

 The conditions of their life have associated the dog and 

 horse with man ; in the case of the monkey and ape, 

 these conditions have separated the animals from man. 

 Such marked differences must have important bear 

 ings on the lines of evidence available as to compara 

 tive intelligence. Monkeys and apes may build 

 platforms up the trees ; dogs and horses ^will find a 

 bed on easier conditions, having no occasion for use 

 of intelligence in this matter. Companionship with 

 man has played a large part with the domesticated 

 animals, involving special advantages for development 

 of intelligence. A wild, restless life, excited by 

 approach of man, and suspicious as to his doings, 

 speaks to a measure of separation which has no ana 

 logy in the history of domesticated animals. These 

 contrasts must be allowed due consideration. The 

 animals nearest to man in configuration have been 

 most removed from his influence ; those less like him 

 in configuration have had most advantage from his 

 guidance. It will, therefore, seem altogether natural, 

 if the dog and horse supply clearer evidence of intelli 

 gence. Such acquired superiority will not warrant 

 our assigning to domesticated animals a natural 

 superiority. Evidence as to faculty must be estimated 

 by strict intellectual test, applicable equally to all 



