198 EVOLUTION AND MAN S PLACE IN NATURE 



value of differentiation in physical basis for sensible 

 discrimination is clearly illustrated in the condition 

 of the dog. But this is not all. There also appears 

 evidence for possession of Intelligence. We can still 

 speak to the dog, and observe in him powers of dis 

 crimination impossible to the lower mammals. For 

 him, companionship with his master counts for much. 

 The difference here becomes apparent when we con 

 sider what a word is to a dog ; for example, the bare 

 utterance of his name, in comparison with what a word 

 counts for in the hearing of a rabbit, or in affecting 

 the activity of an ant. Place in contrast with all 

 these animals, the case of the man deprived of sight 

 and of hearing at one stroke, and it will be seen in 

 what respects life is according to Intelligence. 



When now we return to consider the inaction of the 

 ant deprived of the antennae, nothing is clearer than 

 the need to modify the reference to disturbance in 

 the intelligence of the animal. What here seems 

 most conspicuous is the lack of intelligence, over 

 against the marvellous power of sensibility. When we 

 turn to observe the consequences in the life of a man, 

 following on permanent injury to the nerves of vision, 

 the painful restriction on his relations to the external 

 world has over against it, exercise of intellectual power, 

 rendered more conspicuous. We are at once arrested 

 by the abiding interests of such a life. We even 

 receive special lessons, impressive and inspiring, as 

 to our common work of self-government, from the 

 life of a Milton or of a Fawcett. 



Evidence for animal intelligence becomes still 

 clearer when we turn to observations connected with 

 the history of domestication. Though the results 



