ANIMAL AND RATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 209 



horse-power is the efficient agent, since everything 

 requiring understanding has been done apart from 

 the animal. For true development, as for the 

 animal s best effort at the moment, all favouring 

 susceptibilities must co-operate. A timid rider makes 

 the best horse lose the prize. A stranger cannot get 

 the animal to do what his daily guide enables him 

 readily to accomplish. The man who speaks to his 

 horse in familiar accents, who strokes him with an 

 understanding hand, who makes him feel that some 

 thing extra is to be done ; and who has leisure, and 

 care, and living sympathy enough, to make him after 

 wards feel that he has done his best, will not only get 

 most out of the animal for the time, but will do much 

 toward his development. The prize card fastened to 

 his bridle does nothing for the animal ; the man who 

 leads him from the course can do everything. 



The docility of the dog and of the horse has done 

 much to aid us in our attempts to estimate their 

 intelligence. The lack of this quality proves a serious 

 hindrance to experiments with monkeys and apes. 

 Mr. Garner has done more service by his own patient 

 efforts to soothe and guide the monkey, than by his 

 experiments in the use of established signs of com 

 munication common to the species. If we attempt to 

 construct a record of animal sounds, serving as signs 

 to others, we must include the danger signals of animals 

 far down the scale. Besides, such signal sounds carry 

 evidence of no more than nerve susceptibility in their 

 utterance, and in their effects. This is shown by the 

 general commotion among barn-door fowls consequent 

 on the appearance of a hawk, or of any animal resem 

 bling a hawk, far overhead. Very different, however, 



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