238 EVOLUTION AND MAN S PLACE IN NATURE 



from the facts illustrating evolution of mind in 

 animals. Our development implies exercise of 

 rational power; evolution of mind, if demonstrated, 

 must be achieved independently of rational power. 

 We cannot assume the action of the power whose ap 

 pearance we are to explain. The argument as to mind 

 must be separately developed, and on a basis supplied 

 by organic structure. This has not been done in such 

 manner as to support a plea for continuity. Facts 

 seem to bear us away from the conclusion that mental 

 actions are analogous with organic. Wallace has 

 recognised this, even while accepting the conclusion 

 that the human body is the product of evolution from 

 a lower form. Because man s physical structure has 

 been developed from an animal form by natural selec 

 tion, it does not necessarily follow that his mental 

 nature, even though developed pari passu with it, 

 has been developed by the same causes only. l 



Wallace s discussion of the appearance of rational 

 life in Nature is brief and condensed. The argu 

 ment against continuity is, however, presented with 

 much force, in his treatment of the mathematical, the 

 musical, and the artistic faculties in man. This sec 

 tional treatment of the multifarious heaps of evidence 

 has the disadvantage of appearing to cross the line at a 

 point too far in advance. In any case, we must come 

 to the essential difference between animal intelligence 

 and rational. It is, therefore, better to face directly 

 the single problem, presented by the functions of 

 rational power, as these are familiar to us. Through 

 whatever by-paths we travel, we come at length to 

 this question: can we account for the rationalising 

 1 Darwinism, p. 463. 



