ANIMAL AND RATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 239 



power in man by reference to animal intelligence ? 

 Besides the discussions of Darwin and Alfred Kussel 

 Wallace, we have more recent contributions of high 

 value. 



Dr. Romanes 1 and Professor Lloyd Morgan 2 have, 

 with great deliberation and ability, devoted themselves 

 to this problem. Dr. Lloyd Morgan specially has 

 shown appreciation of the perplexities involved in 

 the discussion. 



The scientific problem concerns the origin of 

 rational power as existing in Nature. Can its appear 

 ance be attributed to evolution of animal intelligence 

 aided by a law of natural selection ? In reiteration 

 of the terms of our problem, lies our hope for a final 

 interpretation of the evidence. Let us take, first, the 

 sensibilities of animals; their sign-giving, as in the 

 danger-signal common among them ; and the vocali 

 sation which this involves. All these belong to 

 animals low in the scale, for which a claim to intelli 

 gence cannot be vindicated. These actions are, there 

 fore, permanently excluded, as bearing no testimony 

 capable of being applied within the natural history 

 of intelligence. Let us next take interpretation of 

 sensibility, understanding of signs by which we com 

 municate with animals, and the results of training, as 

 these appear in the higher mammals to which we 

 attribute a lower or simpler type of intelligence. The 

 appearance of such intelligence among the higher 

 animals cannot be accounted for by evolution from the 

 lower forms of life. Sensibility provides for motor 

 activity and for vocalisation. The area of activity 



1 Mental Evolution of Man. 

 &quot; Animal Life and Intelligence. 



