240 EVOLUTION AND MAN S PLACE IN NATURE 



in this case, is completely covered by organic ap 

 paratus. Experiments for localisation have shown 

 that application of the electrode to a point in the 

 dog s brain will induce barking. 1 The conclusion is, 

 that all the phenomena falling short of interpretation 

 of sensory impressions belong to organism, not to 

 intelligence. 



Let us next take animal intelligence itself, as re 

 cognised in the higher mammals, placing alongside 

 of it the rational power of man, with his knowledge 

 of things, his classification of such knowledge, his 

 abstract ideas, his generalised truth, his rationalising 

 of personal conduct, and his organisation of society 

 under common law. Our question is, Have we war 

 rant for concluding that this rational power is an 

 evolution from the intelligence of the dog and ape ? 



Inquiry must be strictly confined, for the present, 

 to the relations of animal intelligence to human 

 intelligence. Classifications of emotions, as described 

 by Darwin, included by Wallace, and enumerated in 

 an extended list by Dr. Romanes, must, for the time, 

 be set aside as subordinate to the main inquiry. The 

 significance of these emotions turns on this question, 

 how far such emotion may be dependent on intelli 

 gence or independent of it ? To take only these two 

 examples, fear and anger, it is obvious that experience 

 of these does not require intelligence. These are cer 

 tainly forms of experience included under the familiar 

 feelings of animal life low in the scale. On the pre 

 sence of such feeling depends common application 



1 Terrier s Functions of the, Brain; West Riding Reports, in., 

 p. 150. I have given details in The Relations of Mind and Brain, 

 pp. 99-103. 



