ANIMAL AND RATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 245 



Appeal has been made to memory and to language 

 for help through this barrier, but this is grasping at 

 supports quite beyond reach. Memory and vocalisation 

 prior to comparison are of no avail. Neither are 

 memory and language available when dependent on 

 it. In the first case, they do not cause comparison ; 

 in the second, they only retain and express its results. 

 Such appeals mix up things altogether different, 

 placing them under common names. Memory 

 belongs to animals, quite low in the scale, to whom 

 intelligence is not attributed. Such memory is only 

 a cumulative result belonging to sensibility, apart 

 from understanding. The same animals use signal- 

 sounds, but these express only recurring experiences 

 of pleasure or fear. Neither is intelligence involved 

 in these cases, nor is there anything which could 

 originate it. The memory of which we speak as 

 peculiar to man, depends on the exercise of thought 

 for its materials, and so is it with the language we 

 use, which is the expression of thought itself. 



As to the theoretic value of a memory such as that 

 which does duty in the service of comparison, Dr. 

 Romanes supplies striking illustration, while arguing 

 for an opposite conclusion. Connecting with Locke s 

 reference to perception/ as the true type of a simple 

 idea, Romanes suggests that we use the terms per 

 cept,&quot; concept, and recept, the first indicating know 

 ledge from a single sensory impression ; the second, 

 the combination of a variety of perceptions, a 

 taking together, the recept being the recalling of what 

 has been already present, a taking again, a recogni 

 tion of things previously cognised. 1 This use of terms 



1 Mental Evolution in Man, p. 36. 



