COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 11 



drink, cradles, and household furniture. Canoes, suowshoes, sledges, 

 etc., showed the means of transportation. 



The aboriginal arts claimed a large share of attention. Weaving 

 was illustrated by looms and spinning apparatus and finished textiles, 

 and the methods of operation were explained by diagrams and photo 

 graphs. Baskets in process of manufacture, and similar articles of 

 industry, leading up to the finely ornamented hats and wallets, made 

 a good display. 



The tools and apparatus connected with the arts of the tanner, pot 

 ter, miller, shoemaker, basket maker, arrow maker, carver, jeweler, etc. 

 and, in many cases, the finished products were shown after the most 

 approved museum methods. 



There was a series of pipes finely carved from stone and bone, and a 

 number of snuff mortars, snuff tubs, etc., connected with the use of 

 narcotics, filling one case. 



Higher up in the scale of ideas were the pictured blankets, engraved 

 bones, and scratched sheets of birch bark, showing the stage of writ 

 ing or the system of recording events common among the American 

 aborigines. 



Primitive money and means of exchange were shown by shell money, 

 bits of copper, pelts of birds, etc., forming the native medium of cir 

 culation. 



There were many musical instruments, consisting of rattles, flutes, 

 whistles, reed instruments, and drums, from various tribes. Quite a 

 large number of objects of clothing and of personal adornment, the 

 products of many diverse trades, revealed the aesthetic side of the 

 Indian character. 



Eeligion and superstition and closely-connected ceremonies were 

 explained by many different fetiches, charms, amulets, masks, figures, 

 picture of t*he rain-making ceremony, dances, etc. 



One case of &quot; mound-builder&quot; pottery, from the area east of the Mis 

 sissippi, was very interesting from the representation of human and 

 animal forms and the style of decoration. Two jars in form of human 

 heads, among the most remarkable specimens ever taken from the 

 mounds, attracted much attention. Another case of ancient and mod 

 ern Pueblo pottery gave a good idea of the forms and decoration of 

 this class of ware. 



Four cases of stone implements, rejected in process of manufacture, 

 taken from seven ancient quarries in the United States, claimed a great 

 deal of attention and provoked no little discussion among the visitors. 

 They were collected and arranged by Mr. W. H. Holmes for the Bureau 

 of Ethnology, and were well illustrated by photographs, plans of sec 

 tions of the quarries, and monographs on the subject. 



The Bureau of Ethnology also exhibited their great map showing the 

 distribution of the Indian linguistic stocks, upon which Major Powell 

 and his assistants have been working assiduously for a number of 



