COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 13 



America, from 1756 to 1776; Treasury notes, paper money, and United 

 States bonds, from the United States Bureau of Printing and Engrav 

 ing, and a complete set of postage stamps and stamped envelopes r 

 kindly furnished by the Postmaster-General. 



Of all the contributions by private individuals, that of Mrs. Mary 

 Hemenway, of Boston, was the most considerable. 



The Hemenway expedition owes its existence and support solely to 

 Mrs. Hemenway, whose interest in the Celebration of the Fourth Cen 

 tenary of the Discovery of America impelled her to send a specialist, 

 Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, to convey to Madrid some of the most valuable 

 objects in her collections. Dr. Fewkes remained with the Hemenway 

 exhibit during the entire period of the Historic American Exposition, 

 was recognized as a member of the United States Commission, and 

 took part in the deliberations of the delegates when called together by 

 the delegate-general. 



The Hemenway exhibit was designed to illustrate the precolumbian 

 and contemporaneous life of a single tribe of North American Indians. 

 For this purpose an Arizona village tribe, called the Mokis, was chosen. 

 The exhibit contained about 3,000 objects, besides many books and 

 photographs, all of which relate to the Tusayan Indians. In order to 

 develop the plan of a monographic exhibit, this collection may be 

 divided into two parts : the one embracing objects referring to archaeo 

 logical, the other to ethnological sides of life. These were so arranged 

 as to demonstrate that these two aspects are very similar, and that 

 the ancient and modern life of the Mokis is practically identical. The 

 object of this method of installation was, in other words, to show that 

 these Indians are in very much the same condition to-day that they 

 were at the time of the discovery of Arizona. 



The exhibit of ancient pottery, in which was included some of the 

 most instructive specimens from the Keam collection, represented in 

 series the different kinds of ceramics, passing by gradations from the 

 rough and coiled ware into the black, the black and white, variegated 

 polychrome, orange and red. The decorated jars and food basins, 

 some of the finest texture, showed the types of symbolism for which 

 these Indians had a widespread reputation. The collection of stone 

 implements and fetiches contained in a single case represented grind 

 ing stones, mortars, stone shovels, ornaments, pipes, fetiches, and simi 

 lar objects. A special case was devoted to the various stone hammers, 

 mauls, and similar objects found in ancient Tusayan ruins. A large 

 exhibit of modern pottery from the present pueblos was placed in jux 

 taposition to the finer and more artistic ware to show the resemblance. 



The Hemenway exhibit also contained a number of ethnological objects. 

 The large collection of dolls, with various symbolisms, naturally attracted 

 attention, being a novelty in European museums. The ceremonial 

 objects dress, paraphernalia, masks, and decorated head tablets, 

 offerings to gods, photographs of shrines, and a few Tusayan musical 



