COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 51 



lands. Most of these are technically known as u huacos, 7 a term 

 applied indiscriminately to aboriginal relics in Peru. About sixty of 

 them were disinterred from the immediate vicinity of the famous 

 Temple of the Sun, in the valley of Pachacarnac, and the Temple of the 

 Gran Chiinu, so well described by our countryman, the late Mr. E. G. 

 Squier, in his work on Peru. 1 The specimens referred to are chiefly of 

 clay, finely tempered, and offering some unusual forms. It may be 

 that they are examples of the real &quot;Ohimu.&quot; work, which belonged to 

 a different culture center from the Kechuas or Incas, and one believed 

 by many historians to have been much older. 2 The natives of the 

 coast about Trujilio were, the Chimus or Yuncas, speaking a totally 

 different language from the Kechua, and having been subjected by the 

 Incas about the middle of the fifteenth century. 



DEPARTMENT OF BOLIVIA. 



The Government of Bolivia was represented by a very small collec 

 tion, chiefly ethnographic in character and throwing but little light on 

 the many interesting questions which relate to the ancient history of 

 that part of South America. Among them were two idols in stone, 

 found among the ruins of Tiahuanaco, some models of the curious rafts 

 used still by the Indians of Lake Titicaca, several idols in wood as 

 manufactured by the present Indians of the Aymara tribe, some plates 

 of native manufacture, various textile materials, the result of native 

 labor, and the complete costume of a native Indian man and Indian 

 woman. 



The native tribes represented were the Aymaras and the Moxos. 

 The first mentioned now number several hundred thousand of pure 

 and mixed blood. Their archaeological history is peculiarly interesting 

 on account of the probability tha.t their culture was considerably old^r 

 than that of the Kechuas, and that these had derived from them many 

 elements of their later civilization a view ably maintained of late by 

 Dr. Middendorf. 3 



The home of the Moxos is on the head waters of the Bio Mamore. 

 They speak a dialect of the Arawack stock, the same which has been 

 referred to as the prevailing language throughout the West Indian 

 Archipelago. The opinion is now generally held that the original home 

 of this widespread family of languages was somewhere on the Boliv 

 ian highlands, 4 which lends special interest to an ethnographic study 

 of them in that locality. 



Peru; Incidents of Travel and Exploration, Chaps. IX, X. New York, 1877. 

 2 See Dr. E. W. Middendorf. Das Muchik, oder die Chimu-Sprache. Eiiileitung. 

 Leipzig, 1892. 



3 Die Aimara-Sprache. Eiuleitung. Leipzig, 1891. 



4 See Brintou, The American Race, p. 249. Philadelphia, 1891. 



