74 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Among the utensils exhibited were boxes and bowls of wood, and 

 plates and lamps of stone. An interesting feature was a series of 

 objects obtained from the ancient inhabitants, and tombs of the white 

 settlers who occupied the coast in the eleventh century. 



The articles illustrating the civilization of ancient Iceland included 

 some specimens of mediaeval manuscripts, casts of stone containing 

 Runic inscriptions, others of ancient doorways, and various ornaments 

 of an architectural character. 



DEPARTMENT OF NORWAY AND SWEDEN. 



The commission from Norway, presided over by Dr. Gustave Storm, 

 exhibited an exact reproduction, one-fourth the original size, of the 

 ship of the Vikings of Norway, which was found in a mound in that 

 country in the year 1880. It was considered to have dated from about 

 the year 900, and in vessels of this size the ancient Norwegian Vikings 

 made their excursions to the south of Europe and also, in the tenth and 

 eleventh centuries, to Ireland, Greenland, Iceland, Labrador, and far 

 ther south on the American continent. 



The delegation from Sweden was composed of the distinguished navi 

 gator Baron Nordenskiold and Dr. Charles Bovallius, the latter already 

 known to students of American antiquity by his work on the ancient 

 remains of Nicaragua. 



The objects exhibited referred to the ancient geography of the cen 

 tral parts of America, to the ethnography of the tribes of both coasts 

 about Bering Straits, to the ancient remains in Nicaragua, and to the 

 results of some explorations of the cliff houses in the State of Colorado 

 by the younger Nordenskiold. 



In the first of these there was a collection of various works on 

 mediaeval cartography, maps of the same period, and globes, largely 

 from the private library of Baron Nordenskiold. They illustrated 

 excellently the gradual development of the knowledge of the western 

 ocean and shores in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries. 



Among the ethnographic objects, there was a kayak or boat of the 

 Esquimaux, complete with its implements, and occupied by two figures. 

 A series of utensils in use by the modern tribes in Alaska, which were 

 obtained by Baron Nordenskiold during his voyage, occupied an adjoin 

 ing case; while a still larger collection from the Siberian coast, princi 

 pally from the tribes known as Tchukches, furnished a correct measure 

 of their general culture. 



The collections from Colorado exhibited by Gustave Nordenskiold, 

 jr., were made by him in the year 1891. They comprised a number of 

 photographs and an exact model of one of the houses of the class 

 called &quot;estufas;&quot; a sepulcher of one of the inhabitants in its original 

 condition and the remains found therein, together with several skulls 

 and various utensils. 



