COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 97 



Cast of the Engis Skull, discovered by Dr. Schmerling in the Cavern of Engis, near 

 Liege, Belgium, in the year 1833. It was of this skull that Professor Huxley 

 said that it might have belonged to a savage or a philosopher. 



NEOLITHIC OR POLISHED STONE AGE. 



The name Neolithic was given by Sir John Lubbock to the later stone age to dis 

 tinguish it from the earlier, the Paleolithic or Chipped Stone Age. Many of the 

 stone implements, after being chipped or pecked into shape, were smoothed or pol 

 ished by grinding. Some, such as scrapers, arrow and spear heads, were always 

 chipped and not polished. This period introduces a new civilization that of a 

 sedentary and agricultural people, with flocks and herds, plants, fruits, textiles, and 

 pottery. Tribal organizations were formed, religious sentiments manifested, the 

 dead buried, and funeral monuments erected. 



Forty-four flint objects from workshops in Great Britain and Ireland, showing the 

 mode of manufacture. Cores and flakes of black flint fitted together as in the 

 original block, with knapping hammer, from modern gun-flint workshops at 

 Brandon, Suffolk. (Fig. 7.) Prehistoric blades and flakes, scrapers, discs, 

 hatchets, chisels, and poignards, polished and partly polished, from Cissbury, 

 southern England, and from Ireland. Arrowheads of various forms. 



Fig. 7. 

 FLINT CORE, WITH ITS BLADES AS STRUCK, IN PLACE. 



Brandon, England. Evans s Ancient Stoue Implements of Great Britain. 



Nineteen worked flint implements from the Prehistoric workshops of Grand Pres- 

 signy, near Tours, France. Large cores (livres du beurre), hammers, blades, 

 flakes, daggers, and points. All of the yellow flint of Grand Pressigny. 



Eighteen implements and objects from the Prehistoric flint quarries and workshops 

 of Spiennes, Belgium. Unpolished hatchets, cores, blades, flakes, hammers, etc. 



Thirty-three flint implements, many of them from Prehistoric workshops in Scandi 

 navia. Cores, hammers, blades, flakes, scrapers, crescents, daggers, arrow and 

 spear heads. 



Sixty-two flint implements and objects from eastern and northern Italy. Small 

 cores, flakes, scrapers, discs, points, and beautiful arrowheads. 



Ten flint and obsidian cores and flakes. From Syria, 2 specimens ; Island of Crete, 4 

 specimens; Island of Milo, 4 specimens. 



Seventy-one flint flakes and points discovered by Mr. W. Flinders Petrie at Kahun 

 in the Fayum, Lower Egypt, in 1889. Many of these show signs of use. They 

 belong to the time of Ameuentop III, of the Twelfth Dynasty, about 2650 B. C., 

 and are probably the earliest Prehistoric specimens to which an historical date 

 can be given. 



H. Ex. 100 7 



