98 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Seventeen obsidian cores and blades from Mexico and Central America (fig. 8). The 

 blades are thin, sharp, and beautifully made. Large Avorked flakes, scrapers, 

 arrow and spear heads of flint and obsidian. 



Fig. 8. 



OBSIDIAN CORE AND FLAKES. 



Twelve specimens of drilled axes from Europe. These are plentiful in the Swiss 

 lakes and in Scandinavia. In Europe the drilled axes take the place of the 

 American grooved axes. These specimens show different kinds of drilling, and 

 different stages of progress. Some were drilled from one side, others from 

 both. Some have been drilled with a hollow bit, and a number of entire cores 

 thus made are shown. These implements belonged to the Neolithic period, but 

 continued into the Iron Age. 



Six chipped stone hatchets from Europe and Asia. These have been first chipped 



into shape ready for grinding, and 

 then polished. The series shows 

 the process of manufacture. The 

 first (fig. 9) is rudely and the sec 

 ond (fig. 10) finely chipped; the 

 third (fig. 11) is partly and the 

 fourth (fig. 12) entirely polished; 

 the fifth (fig. 13) is rechipped to 

 an edge and the sixth (fig. 14) 

 reground. 



Stone hatchets in process of manufac 

 ture, chipped but not yet ground or 

 polished, from the United States 

 of America. Similar objects be 

 longing to prehistoric times are 

 found in nearly every country. 

 Polished stone hatchets are representa 

 tive implements of the Neolithic 

 period throughout the world. 

 They vary greatly in size. They 

 were intended for the same general 

 purpose as the grooved ax, and the 

 same remarks as to material and 



mode of manufacture apply. On the coast and among the islands similar hatchets 

 were made of shell (fig. 16). Polished stone hatchets were inserted in wooden 

 handles, though in the Lake Dwellings of Switzerland horn was used as {in inter 

 mediary. Nearly every country is represented. Eighteen specimens from Europe; 

 9 specimens from Asia; 11 specimens from the United States and Canada (fig. 

 15); 2 specimens from Mexico; 6 specimens from Central America; 6 specimens 

 from West Indies; 5 specimens from South America. Total, 57 specimens. 



Fig. 9. Fig. 10. 



POLISHED STONE HATCHETS OF FLINT. 

 Showing process of manufacture, Europe (after Mortillet). 



