COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



105 



Grooved stone axes have been classified as follows: (1) Grooved either wholly 

 or partially, some with projecting wings. (2) Flat back for insertion of tight 

 ening wedge. (3) Double bitted. (4) Hematite from valleys of Mississippi 

 River and its tributaries. (5) Actinolite from 

 the Pueblos of the Southwest. (6) Winged 

 and horned, from the West Indies and Central 

 America. (7) Longitudinal flutings on the bit. 

 Eighteen specimens. 



Eight specimens of grooved stone axes from Central 

 and South America and West Indies. There is 

 a certain resemblance between the grooved axes 

 of these countries and those of the United 

 States, while they bear no resemblance to Euro 

 pean implements. They are chipped or pecked 

 into shape and then ground or polished as in 

 the United States. The grooves are different, 

 forming wings or horns, while the edge is prac 

 tically the same. 



Mauls. Large, quartzite pebbles bearing a groove 

 for attachment of handle by means of a withe 

 (fig. 21). These were used in the mines and 

 quarries to break open the rock. They are 

 principally from Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains. 



Adzes. These are, apparently, only a variation in form and use from the grooved 

 ax and polished stone hatchet and gouge. They are rare. Their distribution 



Fig. 21. 



GROOVED MAUL OP GRANITE. 

 Colorado. Weight, 11 pounds. 



Fig. 22. 



CHISELS, GOUGES. AND ADZES. 



63, chisel, dionte, Ohio; 64,chisel, lydite, New York , 65, chisel, basalt, Unalaska ; 66, gouge, hornstone, New York ; 67, gouge, Penn 

 sylvania , 68, gouge, greenstone, Massachusetts , 69, adz, hornstone, British Columbia ; 70, adz, greenstone, Oregon ; 71, adz, serpen. 

 tine, Nortnwest Coast. 



in the United States seems to be limited to the northeast Atlantic and northwest 

 Pacific coast (fig, 22, 69-71). 



