COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



107 



53 



Fig. 24. 



CHIPPED FLINT DISK. 

 Cache in Cas.s County, 111. 



A cache of clialcedoiiic spearheads from the valley of the Little Missouri, Pike 

 County, southwest Arkansas. The excavation in which they were buried was 

 in yellow clay at 2 or 3 feet deep. They were laid side by side with edges 

 overlapping. They varied in size from 5^ to 9 inches in length, 2 to 3 in width, 

 and one-half to five-eighths in thickness. Deposited by Thomas Wilson. 



Chipped flint disks. These are peculiar to the 

 Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee, and Cumber 

 land River valleys. Their use is unknown. 

 They are of coarse, black flint, made from 

 nodules, are always chipped, never pol 

 ished, and the edges sometimes show signs 

 of wear (fig. 24). They have usually been 

 found cached in mounds and other pre 

 historic works. These implements have 

 been found in Ohio in caches contain 

 ing 8,000 specimens, in Illinois of 5,000, 

 3,500, down to 50. 



Prehistoric quarries and workshops at Flint 

 Ridge, in Licking County, Ohio, near the 

 eastern boundary, equidistant from the 

 towns of Newark and Zanesville. Flint 

 Ridge is a stratum of flint, continuous with 

 the ferruginous limestone of southeastern 

 Ohio, lying on the Putnam Hill sandstone 

 of the Ohio survey. The stratum of flint 

 is from 4 to 8 feet in thickness and from 4 

 to 10 feet beneath the surface. It is about 

 8 miles east and west and 2 miles north and 



south. It is irregular in shape, having been much eroded by small streams. The 

 prehistoric quarries were made by sinking shafts through the surface clay and 

 then working out the flint by means of fire and water. The pieces were broken 

 up and carried to the workshops in the immediate neighborhood and there worked 

 into utensils and implements, making or leaving the debris of material both of 

 which are here-shown: 



Hammers 8 



Material 4 



Large chipped implements (rude) 14 



Small chipped implements (rude) 40 



Leaf shaped implements (thin) 16 



Perforators, scrapers, arrowheads, etc 37 



Cores...* 16 



Flakes 41 



176 



Trays, containing flint chips, implements, arrowheads, etc., showing the distribution 

 of material in the workshops. 



Some localities of the neighborhood were strewn with ruder and heavier material, 

 while others had a profusion of small and fine chips, flakes, and debris. The latter 

 were mostly on the high blutfs overlooking the valleys below, and from which 

 position one could see far over the adjoining country. On these points the flints, 

 chips, flakes, etc., were in such profusion as to prevent the grass forming a sod. 

 I chose one of these spots and dug it out 10 by 12 inches square, 14 inches deep 

 to the bottom of all flint debris and then washed out the earth. The flints 

 were 7 inches deep and the earth 7 inches half and half. The specimens from 

 this hole are. shown in the two trays in the case. They are as follows: 



